OCEAN ACIDIFICATION IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM
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DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2009.97
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Wheeler, Patricia A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hauri, Claudine;Gruber, Nicolas;Wheeler, Patricia A.
东部边界上升流系统(EBUS)自然比大多数其他表层海洋的酸性更强。EBUS的观测已经显示出碳酸盐矿物文石的pH值和饱和度状态，与几十年后大多数开阔海域的预期值一样低。因此，随着大气二氧化碳的进一步增加，EBUS容易出现文石普遍和持续的低饱和度，使它们对海洋酸化特别敏感。在这里，我们描述了海洋碳酸盐化学及其在一个主要的EBUS，加州洋流系统(CCS)中的短期到季节变化，基于观测和涡旋分辨区域模式的结果。结果显示，海洋碳酸盐化学的高度变异性，主要是由低pH和饱和状态的水域的季节性上升流以及随后的运输和生物生产的相互作用所驱动的。模型模拟证实，自前工业时代以来，CCS水的pH值下降了约0.1pH单位，饱和状态下下降了0.5%。对CCS海洋生物和生态系统易受海洋酸化影响的第一次评估表明，将会有赢家和输家，这可能会引起物种组成的变化。底栖生物似乎是受CCS持续酸化影响最大的生物之一。更准确的预测需要特别考虑海洋酸化、海洋变暖、氧气水平下降以及全球变化预期的其他过程的综合影响。
Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) are naturally more acidic than most of the rest of the surface ocean. Observations of EBUS already show pH values and saturation states with regard to the carbonate mineral aragonite that are as low as those expected for most open ocean waters several decades from now. Thus, as atmospheric CO2 increases further, EBUS are prone to widespread and persistent undersaturation with regard to aragonite, making them especially sensitive to ocean acidification. Here, we describe ocean carbonate chemistry and its short-term-to-seasonal variability in one major EBUS, the California Current System (CCS), based on observations and results from an eddy-resolving regional model. Results reveal high variability in ocean carbonate chemistry, largely driven by seasonal upwelling of waters with low pH and saturation states, and subsequent interactions of transport and biological production. Model simulations confirm that the pH of CCS waters has decreased by about 0.1 pH unit and by 0.5 in saturation state since pre- industrial times. A first assessment of the vulnerability of CCS marine organisms and ecosystems to ocean acidification suggests that there will be winners and losers, likely provoking changes in species composition. Benthic organisms appear to be among those that will be most affected by the continuing acidification of the CCS. More accurate projections require special consideration of the integrated effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, decreasing oxygen levels, and other processes that are expected with global change.