Reserve and Maintenance in the Aging Brain: A Longitudinal Study of Healthy Older Adults
Reserve and Maintenance in the Aging Brain: A Longitudinal Study of Healthy Older Adults
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DOI：
10.1523/eneuro.0455-21.2022
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sobue, Gen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bagarinao, Epifanio;Watanabe, Hirohisa;Sobue, Gen
即使在非常健康的个体中，衰老的大脑也会发生结构性变化。量化这些变化有助于将病理变化与正常人类衰老过程相关的病理变化区分开来。使用纵向磁共振成像（MRI）数据，从227个精心挑选的健康人队列，年龄范围从50岁到80岁，在基线扫描，我们量化了年龄相关的体积变化，在健康的人类老年人的大脑。纵向上，总灰质（GM）和白色质（WM）的组织丢失率分别为每年2497.5和2579.8 mm（3）。在整个大脑中，GM下降的速度随着额叶和顶叶区域的下降速度而变化，而枕叶和颞叶的一些区域似乎相对保留。相反，横断面变化主要在颞枕区观察到。在皮质下区域，包括丘脑、海马、壳核和尾状核，也观察到类似的纵向萎缩变化，而苍白球的体积随着年龄的增长而增加。总体而言，在发育后期成熟的区域（额叶，顶叶）更容易受到纵向衰退的影响，而那些在早期完全成熟的区域（颞叶，枕叶）主要受到健康老年人群横截面变化的影响。这可能表明，为了实现健康的老龄化，前者需要在较早的年龄得到最大限度的发展，以弥补以后生活中的纵向下降，而后者即使在老年也要保持相对的保护，这与储备和大脑维护的概念一致。
The aging brain undergoes structural changes even in very healthy individuals. Quantifying these changes could help disentangle pathologic changes from those associated with the normal human aging process. Using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 227 carefully selected healthy human cohort with age ranging from 50 to 80 years old at baseline scan, we quantified age-related volumetric changes in the brain of healthy human older adults. Longitudinally, the rates of tissue loss in total gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were 2497.5 and 2579.8 mm(3) per year, respectively. Across the whole brain, the rates of GM decline varied with regions in the frontal and parietal lobes having faster rates of decline, whereas some regions in the occipital and temporal lobes appeared relatively preserved. In contrast, cross-sectional changes were mainly observed in the temporal-occipital regions. Similar longitudinal atrophic changes were also observed in subcortical regions including thalamus, hippocampus, putamen, and caudate, whereas the pallidum showed an increasing volume with age. Overall, regions maturing late in development (frontal, parietal) are more vulnerable to longitudinal decline, whereas those that fully mature in the early stage (temporal, occipital) are mainly affected by cross-sectional changes in healthy older cohort. This may suggest that, for a successful healthy aging, the former needs to be maximally developed at an earlier age to compensate for the longitudinal decline later in life and the latter to remain relatively preserved even in old age, consistent with both concepts of reserve and brain maintenance.