How ion channels sense mechanical force: insights from mechanosensitive K2P channels TRAAK, TREK1, and TREK2
How ion channels sense mechanical force: insights from mechanosensitive K2P channels TRAAK, TREK1, and TREK2
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DOI：
10.1111/nyas.12874
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brohawn, Stephen G.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Brohawn, Stephen G.
感知和响应机械力的能力对于生命至关重要，细胞已经进化出多种系统来将物理力转化为细胞信号。在这个库中包括机械敏感离子通道，这些蛋白质通过将力转换成跨细胞膜的离子电流，在机械感觉中发挥关键作用。了解这些通道如何发挥作用，特别是在动物中，仍然是研究的主要焦点。在这里，我回顾了目前对后生动物机械敏感离子通道家族、双孔域 K+ 通道 (K2Ps) TRAAK、TREK1 和 TREK2 力门控的理解。结构和功能的见解导致了这些通道机械激活的物理模型。将 K2P 的力感觉模型与细菌机械敏感离子通道 MscL 和 MScS 的力感觉进行比较，以突出这些进化上不相关的通道之间共享的原理，以及潜在功能相关性的差异。最近的进展解决了基本问题并激发了有关这些独特机械传感器的新想法。
The ability to sense and respond to mechanical forces is essential for life and cells have evolved a variety of systems to convert physical forces into cellular signals. Within this repertoire are the mechanosensitive ion channels, proteins that play critical roles in mechanosensation by transducing forces into ionic currents across cellular membranes. Understanding how these channels work, particularly in animals, remains a major focus of study. Here, I review the current understanding of force gating for a family of metazoan mechanosensitive ion channels, the two-pore domain K+ channels (K2Ps) TRAAK, TREK1, and TREK2. Structural and functional insights have led to a physical model formechanical activation of these channels. This model of force sensation by K2Ps is compared to force sensation by bacterial mechanosensitive ion channels MscL and MscS to highlight principles shared among these evolutionarily unrelated channels, as well as differences of potential functional relevance. Recent advances address fundamental questions and stimulate new ideas about these unique mechanosensors.