Patterns of deoxygenation: sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic drivers

Patterns of deoxygenation: sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic drivers
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脱氧模式:对自然和人为驱动因素的敏感性

DOI:
10.1098/rsta.2016.0325
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schmidtko
Schmidtko
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oschlies;Duteil;Getzlaff;Landolfi;Schmidtko

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观测估计和数值模式都表明,在过去几十年中,海洋氧含量总体上显著下降。然而,氧变化的空间格局在观测值和模拟估计值之间存在很大差异。特别是在拥有开放海洋氧气最低带的热带温跃层,观测表明氧气普遍下降,而大多数最先进的模式模拟氧气水平增加。分析了造成模型数据明显差异的可能原因。为了将观测到的氧水平的历史变化归因于此,我们利用敏感性模型模拟研究了氧供应和消耗变化的机制。具体而言,研究了赤道喷流、横向和纵向混合过程、风驱动环流和大气养分供应变化以及一些约束较差的生物地球化学过程的作用。主要由风驱动的低纬度海洋通风变化被认为是导致近几十年来观测到的低纬度温跃层氧变化的一个可能因素,而生物地球化学过程的潜在作用仍然难以限制。我们讨论了观测到的氧气变化归因于人为影响的含义,以及研究重点,这可能有助于提高我们对氧气变化的机制理解和对未来变化预测的质量。这篇文章是“变暖世界中的海洋通风和脱氧”主题的一部分。
Observational estimates and numerical models both indicate a significant overall decline in marine oxygen levels over the past few decades. Spatial patterns of oxygen change, however, differ considerably between observed and modelled estimates. Particularly in the tropical thermocline that hosts open-ocean oxygen minimum zones, observations indicate a general oxygen decline, whereas most of the state-of-the-art models simulate increasing oxygen levels. Possible reasons for the apparent model-data discrepancies are examined. In order to attribute observed historical variations in oxygen levels, we here study mechanisms of changes in oxygen supply and consumption with sensitivity model simulations. Specifically, the role of equatorial jets, of lateral and diapycnal mixing processes, of changes in the wind-driven circulation and atmospheric nutrient supply, and of some poorly constrained biogeochemical processes are investigated. Predominantly wind-driven changes in the low-latitude oceanic ventilation are identified as a possible factor contributing to observed oxygen changes in the low-latitude thermocline during the past decades, while the potential role of biogeochemical processes remains difficult to constrain. We discuss implications for the attribution of observed oxygen changes to anthropogenic impacts and research priorities that may help to improve our mechanistic understanding of oxygen changes and the quality of projections into a changing future.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Ocean ventilation and deoxygenation in a warming world’.
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