Progenitor Cells Confer Plasticity to Cardiac Valve Endothelium
Progenitor Cells Confer Plasticity to Cardiac Valve Endothelium
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DOI：
10.1007/s12265-011-9312-0
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Aikawa, Elena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bischoff, Joyce;Aikawa, Elena
覆盖主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣、二尖瓣和三尖瓣的内皮在一般形态和许多内皮标志物的表达方面看起来与整个血管系统的内皮非常相似。然而，更仔细的检查揭示了重要的差异和独特表型的暗示，反映了瓣膜内皮细胞的胚胎史，以及潜在的在动态机械应力的寿命内保持完整性和功能的能力。一个充分研究的特性，设置心脏瓣膜内皮细胞除了是能够从内皮细胞间充质表型的转变-一个事件被称为上皮细胞间充质转化（EMT）。EMT是胚胎瓣膜形成过程中的关键步骤，它可能发生在出生后瓣膜中，最近被认为与暴露于受控体内环境的二尖瓣瓣叶的适应性反应有关，该受控体内环境旨在模拟缺血性二尖瓣返流中发生的瓣叶拴系。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论什么是已知的瓣膜内皮细胞，特别关注出生后，成人瓣膜。我们将提出这样的想法，即瓣膜内皮细胞的一个亚群是祖细胞，其可以在正常细胞更新期间以及响应于损伤和疾病而用于补充瓣膜细胞。
The endothelium covering the aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid valves looks much like the endothelium throughout the vasculature, in terms of general morphology and expression of many endothelial markers. Closer examination, however, reveals important differences and hints of a unique phenotype that reflects the valvular endothelium's embryonic history, and potentially, its ability to maintain integrity and function over a life span of dynamic mechanical stress. A well-studied property that sets the cardiac valvular endothelium apart is the ability to transition from an endothelial to a mesenchymal phenotype-an event known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a critical step during embryonic valvulogenesis, it can occur in post-natal valves and has recently been implicated in the adaptive response of mitral valve leaflets exposed to a controlled in vivo setting designed to mimic the leaflet tethering that occurs in ischemic mitral regurgitation. In this review, we will discuss what is known about valvular endothelial cells, with a particular focus on post-natal, adult valves. We will put forth the idea that at subset of valvular endothelial cells are progenitor cells, which may serve to replenish valvular cells during normal cellular turnover and in response to injury and disease.