Darwinian selection leads to Gaia.
Darwinian selection leads to Gaia.
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达尔文选择导致盖亚。
DOI：
10.1006/jtbi.2002.3059
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Mark Staley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mark Staley
盖亚假说，在其最强的形式，指出地球的大气层，海洋和生物群形成一个紧密耦合的系统，保持环境条件接近最佳的生命。根据盖亚理论，最佳条件是生物体固有的，不可改变的属性。人们假设达尔文选择的作用是有利于那些将环境条件稳定在这些最佳水平的生物。在本文中，盖亚理论的另一种形式的基础上更传统的达尔文的原则提出。在新方法中，环境调节是种群动态的结果，而不是达尔文选择。自然选择的作用是偏爱那些最能适应当时环境条件的生物。然而，环境并不是进化的静态背景，而是受到生物体存在的严重影响。由此产生的共同发展的动力学过程最终导致收敛的平衡和最优条件。一个简单的Daisyworld模型被用来说明这种收敛现象。对Daisyworld模型的敏感性分析表明，在稳定的生态系统中，平衡和最佳条件的趋同是不可避免的，前提是系统没有外部驱动的冲击。最终的结果可能看起来是合作冒险的产物，但实际上是达尔文选择作用于“自私”生物的结果。
The Gaia hypothesis, in its strongest form, states that the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and biota form a tightly coupled system that maintains environmental conditions close to optimal for life. According to Gaia theory, optimal conditions are intrinsic, immutable properties of living organisms. It is assumed that the role of Darwinian selection is to favor organisms that act to stabilize environmental conditions at these optimal levels. In this paper, an alternative form of Gaia theory based on more traditional Darwinian principles is proposed. In the new approach, environmental regulation is a consequence of population dynamics, not Darwinian selection. The role of selection is to favor organisms that are best adapted to prevailing environmental conditions. However, the environment is not a static backdrop for evolution, but is heavily influenced by the presence of living organisms. The resulting co-evolving dynamical process eventually leads to the convergence of equilibrium and optimal conditions. A simple Daisyworld model is used to illustrate this convergence phenomenon. Sensitivity analysis of the Daisyworld model suggests that in stable ecosystems, the convergence of equilibrium and optimal conditions is inevitable, provided there are no externally driven shocks to the system. The end result may appear to be the product of a cooperative venture, but is in fact the outcome of Darwinian selection acting upon "selfish" organisms.