Using wastewater-based analysis to monitor the effects of legalized retail sales on cannabis consumption in Washington State, USA
Using wastewater-based analysis to monitor the effects of legalized retail sales on cannabis consumption in Washington State, USA
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/add.14641
复制
发表时间：
2019-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Banta-Green, Caleb J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burgard, Daniel A.;Williams, Jason;Banta-Green, Caleb J.
目的是进行基于废水的分析，以探讨新合法化的大麻零售对其使用的影响，并确定这种方法是否可以估计法律的市场的规模，该市场于2014年8月1日开始在研究区域。设计实验室对2014年至2016年3年期间收集和分析的原废水样本进行研究。背景和参与者样本来自美国华盛顿州的两个污水处理厂，为一个20万人口的城市提供服务。通过液相色谱-质谱联用对大麻中活性成分的代谢物11-去甲-9-羧基-Δ 9-四氢大麻酚（THC-COOH）的24小时复合流入物样品进行定量分析。结果废水估计四氢大麻酚-COOH增加了9%，每季度，这表明大麻消费量从2013年12月1日至2016年12月31日翻了一番。国家销售的THC每季度增长近70%，而商店从2014年8月1日至2016年12月31日运营。根据这些数据估计国家管制的大麻在整个大麻市场中所占的比例目前无法实现。对大麻消费量的一种基于废水的衡量表明，在大麻合法化之后，美国华盛顿的大麻消费量大幅增加，而且法律的销售似乎已经取代了非法市场的很大一部分。
Aims To perform a wastewater-based analysis to explore the impact of newly legalized retail cannabis sales on its use and to determine if this approach could estimate the size of the legal market place, which began 1 August 2014 in the study area. Design Laboratory study of raw wastewater samples collected and analyzed over the 3-year period from 2014 to 2016. Setting and Participants Samples obtained from the two wastewater treatment plants that serviced a municipality of 200 000 people in the state of Washington, USA. Measurements Quantitative analysis of 24-hour composite influent samples for the metabolite of the active ingredient in cannabis, 11-nor-9-Carboxy-Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Findings Wastewater estimates for THC-COOH increased by 9% per quarter, suggesting a doubling in cannabis consumption from 1 December 2013 to 31 December 2016. State-sold THC increased at nearly 70% per quarter, while stores operated from 1 August 2014 to 31 December 2016. Estimating the proportion of the total cannabis market supplied by state-regulated cannabis from these data is not currently achievable. Conclusion A wastewater-based measure of cannabis consumption suggests a significant increase in consumption in Washington, USA following legalization, and that legal sales appear to have displaced a large portion of the illicit market.