Uncertainty in the global oceanic CO2 uptake induced by wind forcing: Quantification and spatial analysis-猫眼课题宝

风力强迫引起的全球海洋二氧化碳吸收的不确定性：量化和空间分析

DOI：

发表时间：

2017

期刊：

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作者：

A. Roobaert;G. Laruelle;P. Landschützer;P. Régnier

摘要。海洋空气-水CO2交换（FCO2）的计算不仅取决于气-水界面CO2分压梯度，还取决于气体交换传递速度(k)的参数化和风产品的选择。在这里，我们提出了几个广泛使用的k公式和四种风速数据产品（CCMP， ERA， NCEP1和NCEP2）引起的FCO2不确定性的区域和全球尺度量化。利用Landschutzer等（2015a）生成的1991-2011年期间的海面二氧化碳分压气候数据，在1° × 1°分辨率下进行分析，而区域评估则依赖于区域碳循环评估和过程（RECCAP）项目提出的分割。首先，根据k与风速之间的二次关系（k = c·U102； Sweeney等人，2007；Takahashi等人，2009;Wanninkhof, 2014），我们使用从全球14C库存中导出的k公式，其中c为校准系数，U10为地表以上10 m处测量的风速。我们的研究结果表明，当使用CCMP、ERA或NCEP1时，根据这些k关系计算的全球FCO2范围偏离了12% %。由于区域风型的差异，FCO2的区域差异比全球差异更明显。当使用NCEP2或包括早期关系（即，Wanninkhof, 1992； Wanninkhof等人，2009）以及实验得出的许多局部和区域参数化的其他k公式时，这些全球和区域差异显着增加。为了尽量减少与风产品选择相关的不确定性，可以重新计算给定风产品及其时空分辨率的全局系数c（以下称为c *），以匹配全局k值的最后一次评估。因此，我们在研究的分辨率和时间段内对每种风力产品进行了这些重新计算，但最终得出的全球FCO2估计仍然相差10% %。这些结果还表明，在赤道太平洋、北大西洋和南大洋地区，风产品的选择将对FCO2的估计产生最强烈的影响，即使使用c *。

Abstract. The calculation of the air–water CO2 exchange (FCO2) in the ocean not only depends on the gradient in CO2 partial pressure at the air–water interface but also on the parameterization of the gas exchange transfer velocity (k) and the choice of wind product. Here, we present regional and global-scale quantifications of the uncertainty in FCO2 induced by several widely used k formulations and four wind speed data products (CCMP, ERA, NCEP1 and NCEP2). The analysis is performed at a 1°  ×  1° resolution using the sea surface pCO2 climatology generated by Landschutzer et al. (2015a) for the 1991–2011 period, while the regional assessment relies on the segmentation proposed by the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) project. First, we use k formulations derived from the global 14C inventory relying on a quadratic relationship between k and wind speed (k = c ⋅ U102; Sweeney et al., 2007; Takahashi et al., 2009; Wanninkhof, 2014), where c is a calibration coefficient and U10 is the wind speed measured 10 m above the surface. Our results show that the range of global FCO2, calculated with these k relationships, diverge by 12 % when using CCMP, ERA or NCEP1. Due to differences in the regional wind patterns, regional discrepancies in FCO2 are more pronounced than global. These global and regional differences significantly increase when using NCEP2 or other k formulations which include earlier relationships (i.e., Wanninkhof, 1992; Wanninkhof et al., 2009) as well as numerous local and regional parameterizations derived experimentally. To minimize uncertainties associated with the choice of wind product, it is possible to recalculate the coefficient c globally (hereafter called c∗) for a given wind product and its spatio-temporal resolution, in order to match the last evaluation of the global k value. We thus performed these recalculations for each wind product at the resolution and time period of our study but the resulting global FCO2 estimates still diverge by 10 %. These results also reveal that the Equatorial Pacific, the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean are the regions in which the choice of wind product will most strongly affect the estimation of the FCO2, even when using c∗.

Excess radiocarbon constraints on air‐sea gas exchange and the uptake of CO2 by the oceans

DOI： 10.1029/2005gl025408

发表时间： 2006-06

期刊：

Geophysical Research Letters

影响因子： 5.2

作者：

T. Naegler;P. Ciais;K. Rodgers;I. Levin

通讯作者：

T. Naegler;P. Ciais;K. Rodgers;I. Levin

Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

DOI： 10.5194/essd-5-145-2013

发表时间： 2012-08

期刊：

Earth System Science Data

影响因子： 11.4

作者：

C. Sabine;S. Hankin;H. Koyuk;D. Bakker;B. Pfeil;A. Olsen;N. Metzl;A. Kozyr;A. Fassbender;A. Manke;J. Malczyk;J. Akl;S. Alin;R. Bellerby;A. Borges;J. Boutin;P. Brown;W. Cai;F. Chavez;A. Chen;C. Cosca;R. Feely;M. González-Dávila;C. Goyet;N. Hardman-Mountford;C. Heinze;M. Hoppema;C. W. Hunt;D. Hydes;M. Ishii;T. Johannessen;R. Key;A. Körtzinger;P. Landschützer;S. Lauvset;N. Lefèvre;A. Lenton;A. Lourantou;L. Merlivat;T. Midorikawa;L. Mintrop;C. Miyazaki;A. Murata;A. Nakadate;Y. Nakano;S. Nakaoka;Y. Nojiri;A. Omar;X. A. Padin;G. Park;K. Paterson;F. F. Pérèz-F.;D. Pierrot;A. Poisson;A. Ríos;J. Salisbury;J. Santana-Casiano;V. Sarma;R. Schlitzer;B. Schneider;U. Schuster;R. Sieger;I. Skjelvan;T. Steinhoff;T. Suzuki;Taro Takahashi;K. Tedesco;M. Telszewski;H. Thomas;B. Tilbrook;D. Vandemark;T. Veness;A. Watson;R. Weiss;C. S. Wong;H. Yoshikawa‐Inoue

通讯作者：

Uncertainty in the global oceanic CO2 uptake induced by wind forcing: Quantification and spatial analysis

风力强迫引起的全球海洋二氧化碳吸收的不确定性：量化和空间分析

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