Measuring post-disaster transportation system performance: the 1995 Kobe earthquake in comparative perspective
Measuring post-disaster transportation system performance: the 1995 Kobe earthquake in comparative perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/s0965-8564(00)00003-3
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Nojima, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chang, SE;Nojima, N
最近的地震灾害对运输网络造成了重大破坏，导致经济严重中断。虽然这表明需要在运输风险评估中评估整个系统的性能，除了检查桥梁等单个组件的脆弱性之外，目前还没有适当的措施。本文开发了灾后系统性能的措施，并将其应用到城市轨道交通和公路交通系统在科比，日本，在1995年兵库县南部地震破坏的地区，性能进行评估的网络覆盖率和运输可达性。公路和铁路的性能退化比其他生命线基础设施系统严重得多。这两个运输系统在灾难中表现不佳，但铁路的服务恢复速度要快得多。公路系统性能的恢复与公路交通量的恢复密切相关。本文进一步发展了分区交通可达性的衡量标准，并将其应用于科比的组成城市病房。结果表明，在整个恢复期间保持了巨大的空间差异。与1989年美国洛马普列塔和1994年北岭地震的比较表明，尽管这些灾害对公路桥梁造成了显著的破坏，但与科比的经验相比，系统性能下降很小。本文认为，明确衡量交通系统的性能可以大大有助于了解历史灾害的影响，并为未来的灾害事件做好准备。(C)2001爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
Recent earthquake disasters have caused major damage to transportation networks, leading to significant economic disruption. While this suggests the need to evaluate total system performance in transportation risk assessment, in addition to examining the vulnerability of individual components such as bridges, no appropriate measures currently exist. This paper develops post-disaster system performance measures and applies them to the urban rail and highway transportation systems in the Kobe, Japan, region devastated by the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake, Performance is evaluated in terms of network coverage and transport accessibility. Performance degradation was much more severe for highways and railways than for other lifeline infrastructure systems. Both transportation systems fared poorly in the disaster but service restoration proceeded much more rapidly for rail. The restoration of highway system performance correlated closely with the recovery of highway traffic volumes. The paper further develops a measure of subarea transport accessibility and applies this to Kobe's constituent city wards. Results indicate substantial spatial disparity that is maintained throughout the restoration period. Comparisons with the 1989 Loma Prieta and 1994 Northridge earthquakes in the US show that although these disasters caused notable damage to highway bridges, system performance degradation was small in comparison with the Kobe experience. The paper argues that explicitly measuring transportation system performance can greatly facilitate both understanding the effects of historic disasters and preparing for future hazard events. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.