Conceptual model for assessment of dermal exposure
Conceptual model for assessment of dermal exposure
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DOI：
10.1136/oem.56.11.765
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发表时间：
1999-11-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Fogh, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schneider, T;Vermeulen, R;Fogh, CL
近半个世纪以来一直在测量皮肤接触（主要是农药）。与吸入暴露相比，在测量方法标准化和生物相关暴露措施的开发方面取得的进展有限。有人认为，缺乏一致的术语和理论模型是造成这种进展的一个重要原因。因此，提出了基于多室模型的一致术语，用于评估皮肤暴露，描述污染物质量从有害物质源到皮肤表面的传输。描述了六个隔间和两个屏障以及八个质量传输过程。通过模型结构，给出了一些现有方法实际测量的示例，以及测量隔室中相关质量或质量传输的方法有限或没有的情况。强调测量污染物浓度而不是皮肤污染物层中单位面积质量的重要性，因为驱动吸收的是皮肤污染物层和灌注组织之间的浓度差。目前尚无测量吸收率的方法。质量、浓度和传输过程的测量必须基于理论模型。强烈建议对皮肤暴露测量方法进行标准化。
Dermal exposure, primarily to pesticides, has been measured for almost half a century. Compared with exposure by inhalation, limited progress has been made towards standardisation of methods of measurement and development of biologically relevant exposure measures. It is suggested that the absence of:a consistent terminology and a theoretical model has been an important cause of this lack of progress. Therefore, a consistent terminology based on a multicompartment model for assessment of dermal exposure is proposed that describes the transport of contaminant mass from the source of the hazardous substance to the surface of the skin. Six compartments and two barriers together with eight mass transport processes are described. With the model structure, examples are given of what some existing methods actually measure and where there are limited, or no, methods for measuring the relevant mass in a compartment or transport of mass. The importance of measuring the concentration of contaminant and not mass per area in the skin contaminant layer is stressed, as it is the concentration difference between the skin contamination layer and the perfused tissue that drives uptake. Methods for measuring uptake are currently not available. Measurement of mass, concentration, and the transport processes must be based an a theoretical model. Standardisation of methods of measurement of dermal exposure is strongly recommended.