Passive, Consultative, and Coconstructive Methods: A Framework to Facilitate Community Participation in Design for Development
Passive, Consultative, and Coconstructive Methods: A Framework to Facilitate Community Participation in Design for Development
复制标题
被动、协商和共建方法：促进社区参与开发设计的框架
DOI：
10.1115/1.4041171
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
B. Jesiek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrea Mazzurco;J. Leydens;B. Jesiek
开发设计 (D4D)、人道主义工程 (HE) 和类似项目的复杂性来自多个来源，包括通过有效地吸引社区成员来解决复杂的社会技术问题的总体要求。然而，关于制定 D4D/HE 项目的文献中缺少一个明确的框架，该框架根据关键特征对现有社区参与方法进行分类，特别是相对于社区参与问题定义和解决过程的水平。为了解决缺乏分类框架的问题，我们首先进行了系统化的文献检索，以确定 D4D/HE 项目中使用的方法。该文献检索得出 64 种已确定的方法。经过迭代、归纳和系统化的过程来开发与内容分析相结合的分类系统，出现了一个二维框架来对方法进行分类。该框架的第一个维度根据社区参与的三个层次来组织方法：(1) 被动，(2) 协商，(3) 共建。第二个维度根据设计过程中最适合使用方法的部分对方法进行分类。我们通过讨论工程师在使用该框架为他们的项目提供信息时应反思的注意事项以及未来研究的机会来结束本文。
The complexity of design for development (D4D), humanitarian engineering (HE), and similar projects emerges from multiple sources, including the overarching requirement to address complex sociotechnical problems by effectively engaging community members. However, missing from the literature on enacting D4D/HE projects is a clear framework that classifies extant community participation methods based on key characteristics, especially vis-à-vis level of community participation in problem definition and solution processes. To address this lack of a classification framework, we first conducted a systematized literature search to identify methods used in D4D/HE projects. This literature search resulted in 64 identified methods. Following an iterative, inductive, and systematic process to develop classification systems combined with content analysis, a bidimensional framework emerged to classify the methods. The first dimension of the framework organizes methods according to a spectrum of three levels of community engagement: (1) passive, (2) consultative, and (3) coconstructive. The second dimension classifies methods based on the part of the design process in which it is most appropriate to use them. We conclude the paper by discussing considerations engineers should reflect upon when using the framework to inform their projects, as well as opportunities for future research.