Megafauna extinction in South America: A new chronology for the Argentine Pampas
Megafauna extinction in South America: A new chronology for the Argentine Pampas
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南美洲巨型动物灭绝：阿根廷潘帕斯草原的新年表
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.02.026
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Alberdi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Prado;Cayetana Martínez;M. Alberdi
南美洲的巨型动物灭绝是影响最深远的事件之一，损失了50个属（约83%）。有三个目（无齿目、长鼻目、滨翅目）消失了，所有的大型外节动物也消失了，但这如何适应全球灭绝尚不确定，主要是由于缺乏时间分辨率。近年来，在考古和古生物遗址上进行的放射性碳年代测定的数量有所增加，但这些信息在南美洲的不同地区差异很大，很少有数据可以被认为是一个分类年代。潘帕斯草原更新世晚期灭绝的时间还很不确定。大多数分类群只出现在生物地层学的背景下，许多14 C年代不符合严格的接受日期标准，包括建议巨型动物生存到全新世的报告。在本文中，我们评估了已发表的潘帕斯草原的放射性碳年代，并提出了20个新的古生物遗址的放射性碳年代，以建立一个更准确的“灭绝窗口”的关键类群。这些新的日期是足够强大的巨型动物，人类首次出现的记录，并在阿根廷潘帕斯草原的新仙女木到全新世气候过渡的最后出现的记录之间的对应关系进行评估。这些结果突出了需要更大的努力，在分类群的选择约会。
The megafauna extinction in South America was one of the most profound events, with the loss of 50 genera (~ 83%). Three orders disappeared (Notoungulata, Proboscidea, Litopterna), as did all large xenarthrans, but how this fits into global extinction is uncertain, mainly due to the lack of chronological resolution. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of radiocarbon dating at archeological and paleontological sites, but this information varies greatly from area to area in South America, and few data can be considered to constitute a taxon-date.The timing of the late Pleistocene extinction in the Pampas is poorly established. Most taxa only appear in the biostratigraphic context and many reported14C dates do not meet rigorous criteria for accepting dates, including reports suggesting survival of megafauna into the Holocene. In the present paper, we evaluate the published radiocarbon dates in the pampas and present 20 new radiocarbon dates for paleontological sites in order to establish a more accurate “extinction window” for the key taxa. These new dates are sufficiently robust to assess correspondences among last-appearance records of megafauna, first-appearance records of humans, and the Younger Dryas to Holocene climatic transition in the Argentine Pampas. These results highlight the need for greater effort in taxa selection for dating.