The experimental and commercial release of transgenic crop plants
The experimental and commercial release of transgenic crop plants
复制标题
转基因作物的实验和商业释放
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Scheffler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Dale;J. Irwin;J. Scheffler
随着重组DNA方法和转化程序的进步，将来自无关植物、微生物和动物的基因转移到作物植物中成为可能。正在进行或设想的许多改造是为了抵抗疾病和害虫、提高产品质量和对环境压力的耐受性，但还有更多的机会改造作物，使其成为工业或医药用途的专门产品。转基因植物的一些特性，包括：转基因拷贝数，位置，表达，稳定性，多效性，选择标记基因和体细胞克隆变异。已经对转基因植物进行了几百次田间试验，第一批转基因品种可能在1993年获准商业生产。在释放转基因植物之前，有必要进行风险评估，以确定转基因品种的行为是否与传统育种品种不同。各组织正在国际上统一评估程序。随着与发展中国家的作物和环境相关的基因的出现，人们越来越多地承诺将这些转基因方法应用于这些国家的作物。
With advances in recombinant DNA methods and transformation procedures, it is possible to transfer genes into crop plants from unrelated plants, microbes and animals. Many of the modifications being carried out, or envisaged, are for disease and pest resistance, product quality and tolerance to environmental stress, but there are additional opportunities to modify crops to give specialized products for industrial or pharmaceutical use. Some of the characteristics of transgenic plants are considered, including: transgene copy number, position, expression, stability, pleiotropy, selectable marker genes and somaclonal variation. There have been several hundreds of field trials with transgenic plants, and the first transgenic varieties are likely to be approved for commercial production in 1993. Before releasing transgenic plants, it is necessary to carry out a risk assessment to determine whether the transgenic variety will behave differently from a conventionally bred variety. Assessment procedures are being harmonized internationally by various organizations. There is a growing commitment to apply these genetic modification methods to crops in developing countries, as genes relevant to their crops and environments become available.