Externally modulated theranostic nanoparticles.
Externally modulated theranostic nanoparticles.
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DOI：
10.3978/j.issn.2218-676x.2013.08.05
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发表时间：
2013-08
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Joshi A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Urban C;Urban AS;Charron H;Joshi A
外调制纳米粒子包括一类快速发展的癌症纳米治疗技术，它结合了纳米粒子在肿瘤中的良好积聚，以及通过光学、磁或超声方式对治疗传递的外部时空控制。对治疗的局部控制可以提高肿瘤的治疗效率，同时减少偏离目标的影响。纳米颗粒与外场的相互作用还有一个额外的优点，即频繁地产生成像信号，因此这种试剂提供了治疗(诊断和治疗)能力。在这篇综述中，我们根据外部控制的模式对新兴的外部调制热疗纳米粒子进行分类，并描述了外部控制治疗的基本物理化学机制，并说明了每类纳米粒子的主要实施例：(I)在可见光和近红外范围内的电磁辐射被用于金基和具有可调表面等离子体共振(SPR)的碳纳米结构用于癌症的成像和光热治疗(PTT)，基于光化学的操纵被用于光敏脂质体和基于卟啉的纳米粒子；(Ii)基于磁场的操纵被开发用于用于磁共振成像(MRI)和磁热治疗的铁基纳米结构；(3)以超声波为基础的方法主要用于增加向肿瘤部位输送常规药物和纳米疗法。
Externally modulated nanoparticles comprise a rapidly advancing class of cancer nanotherapeutics, which combine the favorable tumor accumulation of nanoparticles, with external spatio-temporal control on therapy delivery via optical, magnetic, or ultrasound modalities. The local control on therapy enables higher tumor treatment efficacy, while simultaneously reducing off-target effects. The nanoparticle interactions with external fields have an additional advantage of frequently generating an imaging signal, and thus such agents provide theranostic (both diagnostic and therapeutic) capabilities. In this review, we classify the emerging externally modulated theranostic nanoparticles according to the mode of external control and describe the physiochemical mechanisms underlying the external control of therapy, and illustrate the major embodiments of nanoparticles in each class with proven biological efficacy: (I) electromagnetic radiation in visible and near-infrared range is being exploited for gold based and carbon nanostructures with tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer, photochemistry based manipulations are employed for light sensitive liposomes and porphyrin based nanoparticles; (II) Magnetic field based manipulations are being developed for iron-oxide based nanostructures for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetothermal therapy; (III) ultrasound based methods are primarily being employed to increase delivery of conventional drugs and nanotherapeutics to tumor sites.