Code-switching and grammatical theory
Code-switching and grammatical theory
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语码转换和语法理论
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Muysken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Muysken
在过去的十五年里，出现了大量的研究，从语法的角度分析了句内语码转换的具体案例，涉及到各种语言对、社会背景和说话人类型。研究发现，语码转换是一种非常正常和普遍的双语互动形式，需要大量的双语能力。在个别情况下，句内语码转换并不是随机分布在句子中的，而是发生在特定的时间点。在过程的一般性质方面，达成的协议要少得多。对句内语码转换(从语法角度来看，语码转换是最有趣的类型)的各种“约束”和“模型”已经被提出并进行了检验，结果是，一些情况似乎受到一种限制，而另一些情况则受到另一种限制。这本身就不能令人满意。无论从本质上还是在预测上，我们都不知道所提出的模型有多大的不同。在这一点上应该提到的是，许多研究并没有使约束或模型非常明确，仅限于描述性陈述。因此，有必要说明与语码转换相关的语法概念。然后，这些概念既可以用来描述句内转换的具体实例，也可以用来将文献中的各种建议相互联系起来。
In the last fifteen years, a large number of studies have appeared in which specific cases of intra-sentential code-switching were analysed from a grammatical perspective, involving a variety of language pairs, social settings and speaker types. It was found that code-switching is a quite normal and widespread form of bilingual interaction, requiring a great deal of bilingual competence. In individual cases, intra-sentential code-switching is not distributed randomly in the sentence, but rather it occurs at specific points. Where much less agreement was reached is with respect to general properties of the process. Various ‘constraints’ and ‘models’ regulating intra-sentential code-switching (the type most interesting from the grammatical perspective) have been proposed and tested, with the result that some cases appear to fall under one constraint, and others under another. This is by itself unsatisfactory. We do not know in any systematic way how different the models proposed are, neither intrinsically nor in their predictions. It should be mentioned at this point that many of the studies do not make the constraints or models very explicit, limiting themselves to descriptive statements. Therefore, an account is needed of the grammatical notions relevant to code-switching. These notions can then be used both to characterise specific instances of intra-sentential switching and to relate the various proposals in the literature to each other.