Domain differences in absolute judgments of category membership: Evidence for an essentialist account of categorization
Domain differences in absolute judgments of category membership: Evidence for an essentialist account of categorization
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03212339
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Gelman, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diesendruck, G;Gelman, SA
关于典型性梯度和类别成员之间的对应关系一直存在一些争论。本研究探讨这两个措施之间的关系，在动物和文物的领域。42名成年人判断293种动物和文物的典型性或类别成员的程度。受试者对动物的倾向是对类别成员资格做出更绝对的评级（即，判断样本是否属于其各自类别），而不是典型性。更重要的是，在几乎每一个典型性的水平，科目更有可能作出绝对的判断类别成员的动物比文物。这些结果表明，人们对待动物的类别成员关系是相对绝对的（这最适合于本质主义的分类模型），对待人工制品的类别成员关系是相对分级的（这最适合于原型分类模型），这些领域差异为本质主义的领域特异性的主张提供了关键的支持证据。
There has been some debate about the correspondence between typicality gradients and category membership. The present study investigates the relationship between these two measures in the domains of animals and artifacts. Forty-two adults judged the degree of typicality or category membership of 293 animals and artifacts. The subjects' tendency for animals, but not for artifacts, was to make more absolute ratings on category membership (i.e., judging exemplars as definitely members or definitely not members of their respective category) than on typicality. More importantly, at almost every level of typicality, subjects were more likely to make absolute judgments of category membership for animals than for artifacts. These results indicate that people treat category membership of animals as relatively absolute (which best fits an essentialist model of categorization) and treat category membership of artifacts as relatively graded (which best fits a prototype model of categorization), These domain differences add crucial supporting evidence for claims about the domain-specificity of essentialism.