Dnmt3a2 targets endogenous Dnmt3L to ES cell chromatin and induces regional DNA methylation

Dnmt3a2 targets endogenous Dnmt3L to ES cell chromatin and induces regional DNA methylation
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2443.2006.01012.x
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发表时间:
2006-10-01
期刊:
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Kaneda, Yasufumi
Kaneda, Yasufumi
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nimura, Keisuke;Ishida, Chisaki;Kaneda, Yasufumi

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DNA 甲基化参与基本的细胞过程,例如基因和转座元件的沉默,但 DNA 甲基化调节的潜在机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。 DNA 甲基转移酶 3 样蛋白 (Dnmt3L) 是 Dnmt3 蛋白家族的成员,是生殖细胞中 DNA 甲基化模式建立过程中所必需的。 Dnmt3L 不具有酶活性。相反,体外分析表明 Dnmt3L 通过直接与 Dnmt3a 和 Dnmt3b 蛋白质结合来刺激这些蛋白质的 DNA 甲基化。在当前的研究中,我们证明了在体内,Dnmt3L 在物理上和功能上与 Dnmt3 亚型 Dnmt3a2 相互作用。在野生型胚胎干 (ES) 细胞中,内源性 Dnmt3L 集中在染色质灶中,但在缺乏 Dnmt3a 的细胞中则不然。在同时缺乏 Dnmt3a 和 Dnmt3b 的 ES 细胞中,Dnmt3L 广泛分布在整个细胞核和细胞质中,并且 Dnmt3a2(而非 Dnmt3a 或 Dnmt3b)的异位表达恢复了野生型 Dnmt3L 定位。我们发现,在 ES 细胞和胚胎睾丸中,内源性 Dnmt3L 与 Dnmt3a2 发生物理相互作用,但不与 Dnmt3a 或 Dnmt3b 发生相互作用。我们还发现,在 ES 细胞中,当 Dnmt3a 或 Dnmt3L 耗尽时,特定的 CpG 位点会去甲基化,但 Dnmt3b 不会。这些结果为细胞核中 Dnmt3L 和 Dnmt3a2 之间的物理和功能相互作用提供了证据。我们提出 Dnmt3a2 将 Dnmt3L 招募到染色质,并诱导生殖细胞中的区域 DNA 甲基化。
DNA methylation is involved in fundamental cellular processes such as silencing of genes and transposable elements, but the underlying mechanism of regulation of DNA methylation is largely unknown. DNA methyltransferase 3-like protein (Dnmt3L), a member of the Dnmt3 family of proteins, is required during the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in germ cells. Dnmt3L does not possess enzymatic activity. Rather, in vitro analysis indicates that Dnmt3L stimulates DNA methylation by both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b through direct binding to these proteins. In the current study, we demonstrated that in vivo, Dnmt3L physically and functionally interacted with the Dnmt3 isoform Dnmt3a2. In wild-type embryonic stem (ES) cells, but not in cells lacking Dnmt3a, endogenous Dnmt3L was concentrated in chromatin foci. In ES cells deficient in both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, Dnmt3L was distributed diffusely throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm, and ectopic expression of Dnmt3a2, but not Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b, restored wild-type Dnmt3L localization. We showed that endogenous Dnmt3L physically interacted with Dnmt3a2, but not Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b, in ES cells and embryonic testes. We also found that specific CpG sites were demethylated upon depletion of either Dnmt3a or Dnmt3L, but not Dnmt3b, in ES cells. These results provide evidence for a physical and functional interaction between Dnmt3L and Dnmt3a2 in the nucleus. We propose that Dnmt3a2 recruits Dnmt3L to chromatin, and induces regional DNA methylation in germ cells.