Maternal and paternal effects on offspring phenotype in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus
Maternal and paternal effects on offspring phenotype in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00093.x
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Simmons, LW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunt, J;Simmons, LW
父母通常对后代的特征发展有重要影响。父母能够影响后代表型的一种机制是通过他们提供的照顾水平。在自食性蜣螂中，父母通常通过将粪便碎片打包成一窝来喂养他们的后代。食肉金牛座的雄性可以分为两种不同的类型：大的，“主要”的雄性有头角，而“次要”的雄性没有角。在这里，我们发现雄性采用的亲代供给策略的改变与雄性形态的改变是一致的。雄性提供的结果是产生比雌性单独生产的更重的后代。然而，与雌性不同的是，雌性的供给水平会随着体型的增加而持续增加，而雄性的供给水平则是一种“全有或全无”的策略，所有主要雄性都提供一种繁殖水平的供给，而不管它们的体型大小。后代的大小在很大程度上取决于提供给发育中的幼虫的粪便数量，因此父系和母系的供给会影响后代的体型和角的大小。单个亲本的供给水平具有显著的可重复性，表明父本和母本效应可能是食角属角大小进化的间接遗传效应。
Parents often have important influences on the development of traits in their offspring. One mechanism by which parents are able to influence offspring phenotype is through the level of care they provide. In onthophagine dung beetles, parents typically provision their offspring by packing dung fragments into a brood mass. Onthophagus taurus males can be separated into two discrete morphs: Large, "major" males have head horns, whereas "minor" males are hornless. Here we show that a switch in parental provisioning strategies adopted by males coincides with the switch in male morphology. Male provisioning results in the production of heavier brood masses than females will produce alone. However, unlike females in which the level of provisioning increases with body size in a continuous manner, the level of provisioning provided by males represents an "all-or-none" tactic with all major males providing a Bred level of provisioning irrespective of their body size. Offspring size is determined largely by the quantity of dung provided to the developing larvae so that paternal and maternal provisioning affects the body size and horn size of offspring produced. The levels of provisioning by individual parents are significantly repeatable, suggesting paternal and maternal effects as candidate indirect genetic effects in the evolution of horn size in the genus Onthophagus.