Reactive Rumination: Outcomes, Mechanisms, and Developmental Antecedents
Reactive Rumination: Outcomes, Mechanisms, and Developmental Antecedents
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反应性反思：结果、机制和发展前因
DOI：
10.1002/9780470713853.ch3
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matthew S. Robinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jelena Spasojević;L. Alloy;L. Abramson;D. Maccoon;Matthew S. Robinson
抑郁反刍通常被定义为一种情绪调节策略或一种元情绪认知过程（Gross, 1999），在过去的二十年里，它已经成为一个越来越受到理论和实证关注的话题。反刍可以被粗略地定义为一种持续的自我关注，本质上是递归的和持续的。有几位理论家以不同的方式论证了这种自我关注在抑郁症病因学中的重要性（例如，Carver & Scheier, 1981; Ingram, 1990; Pyszczynski & Greenberg, 1987; Teasdale, 1988）。Nolen-Hoeksema（1987, 1991）提出的反应风格理论继承了这一传统，但对反刍的定义更为狭隘。Nolen-Hoeksema将抑郁反刍定义为“反复关注自己抑郁的事实；关于某人抑郁的症状；以及抑郁症状的原因、意义和后果”（Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991，第569页），并建议那些通过持续地进行反刍来应对轻度烦躁或抑郁情绪的个体，比那些通过分散注意力来应对消极情绪的个体，往往有更持久和更严重的抑郁发作。因此，Nolen-Hoeksema的反刍反应风格代表了一种特定的以情绪和自我为中心的应对方式。与其他流行的抑郁症认知理论相反，这些理论强调负面认知的内容是对压力生活事件的反应(例如，
Depressive rumination, generally conceptualized as an emotion regulation strategy or a metaemotional cognitive process (Gross, 1999), has been a topic of increasing theoretical and empirical interest over the last two decades. Rumination can be defined crudely as a perseverative self-focus that is recursive and persistent in nature. Several theorists, each in a somewhat different way, have argued for the importance of this kind of self-focus in the etiology of depression (eg, Carver & Scheier, 1981; Ingram, 1990; Pyszczynski & Greenberg, 1987; Teasdale, 1988). Response style theory, proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema (1987, 1991), followed in this tradition, but defined rumination in a more narrow way. Nolen-Hoeksema conceptualized depressive rumination as ‘‘repetitively focusing on the fact that one is depressed; on one’s symptoms of depression; and on the causes, meanings, and consequences of depressive symptoms’’(Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991, p. 569) and suggested that individuals who respond to mildly dysphoric or depressive mood by consistently engaging in rumination tend to have more persistent and severe depressive episodes than those who respond to negative affect by distracting themselves from it. Thus, Nolen-Hoeksema’s ruminative response style represents a specific emotion-and self-focused coping style. In contrast to other prevailing cognitive theories of depression that emphasize the content of negative cognitions that arise in response to stressful life events (ie,