The human atherosclerotic plaque.
The human atherosclerotic plaque.
复制标题
人类动脉粥样硬化斑块。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1977
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
R. Heptinstall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas A. Pearson;E. C. Kramer;Kim Solez;R. Heptinstall
纤维斑块被认为是动脉粥样硬化最典型的血管病变。这些病变由附壁血栓发展而来的观点得到了相当多的支持，并且斑块形成是对内皮机械或化学损伤的反应的观点也得到了很多支持。作为这两个假设的替代方案，Benditt 和 Benditt 提出，斑块代表与平滑肌瘤类似的改变的平滑肌细胞的单克隆增殖。支持这一建议的证据是使用人类黑人女性的组织获得的，这些女性的 X 连锁酶葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶 (G6PD) 是杂合的。在此类个体中，由于胚胎发生过程中 X 染色体随机失活，所有正常组织在电泳检测时均含有 G6PD A 和 B 同工酶，而疑似单克隆起源的斑块和其他病变主要含有一种同工酶。一定比例的脂肪条纹还显示出单一的 G6PD 同工酶模式，表明某些脂肪条纹是纤维斑块的先驱。
The fibrous plaque is regarded as the vascular lesion most characteristic of atherosclerosis. The notion that these lesions develop from mural thrombi has received considerable support, and there is also much support for the idea that plaques form as a reaction to mechanical or chemical damage to the endothelium. As an alternative to these two hypotheses, Benditt and Benditt have suggested that plaques represent monoclonal proliferation of altered smooth muscle cells similar to leiomyomas. Evidence in favor of this suggestion has been obtained using tissues from human black females who are heterozygous for the X-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). In such individuals, as a result of random inactivation of the X-chromosome during embryogenesis, all normal tissues contain both the A and B isoenzymes of G6PD, when assayed electrophoretically, whereas plaques and other lesions suspected of being of monoclonal origin contain predominantly one isoenzyme. A certain proportion of fatty streaks also show a single G6PD isoenzyme pattern, suggesting that some fatty streaks act as the foreunners of the fibrous plaque.