AN ETHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF OPEN-FIELD BEHAVIOR IN CHICKENS
AN ETHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF OPEN-FIELD BEHAVIOR IN CHICKENS
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DOI：
10.1016/s0003-3472(80)80045-5
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
SUAREZ, SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GALLUP, GG;SUAREZ, SD
两个突出的，但以前未被承认的方面开放领域的测试涉及接触一个潜在的捕食者，由于在开放领域的放置由一个人，并从印记的同伴分离。鸡的旷场行为（G. gallus）可能代表了一种相反的倾向之间的妥协，以恢复与同种的接触，并尽量减少在面对可能的捕食检测。进行了五个实验来测试这个模型的各种含义。设计用于增强旷场测试的掠夺性暗示的操作推迟了恢复行为（例如，遇险呼叫和逃跑尝试）和用于最小化检测的延长行为（例如，冷冻）。与更传统的观点不同，开放领域的行为是一般情绪的指标，这个模型表明，运动的主要原因是基于恢复社会联系的尝试。为了支持该模型，在笼养动物存在下测试的鸟类显示出比单独测试的鸟类显著更长的冷冻持续时间。对于在测试前保持社交隔离2天的鸟也是如此。这种方法的适用性概念化的鸡在开放领域的行为进行了讨论，并假设之间的关系，恐惧和痛苦的呼叫进行了批判性的评估。
Two salient but previously unacknowledged aspects of open-field testing involve contact with a potential predator, due to placement in the open field by a human, and separation from imprinted companions. Open-field behavior in chickens (G. gallus) probably represents a compromise between opposing tendencies to reinstate contact with conspecifics and minimize detection in the face of possible predation. Five experiments were conducted to test various implications of this model. Manipulations designed to enhance the predatory overtones of open-field testing postponed reinstatement behaviors (e.g., distress calling and escape attempts) and prolonged behaviors that serve to minimize detection (e.g., freezing). Unlike the more traditional view of open-field behavior as an index of general emotionality, this model suggests that the principal reason for movement is based on attempts to reinstate social contact. In support of the model, birds tested in the presence of cagemates showed significantly longer durations of freezing than those tested individually. The same was true for birds maintained in social isolation for 2 days prior to testing. The applicability of this approach to conceptualizing the behavior of chickens in the open field is discussed, and the supposed relationship between fear and distress calling is critically evaluated.