Neural signals encoding shifts in beliefs.
Neural signals encoding shifts in beliefs.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.067
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发表时间：
2016-01-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Dolan R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwartenbeck P;FitzGerald THB;Dolan R
多巴胺与多种认知功能有关，包括认知灵活性、任务切换、新奇或意外刺激信号以及预先信息。还有一个长期的思想路线将多巴胺与信念形成联系起来，最重要的是，与精神病中的异常信念形成联系起来。整合这些证据表明多巴胺在信念更新中发挥着核心作用，更具体地说，在编码观察中有意义的信息内容方面发挥着核心作用。这种关系的确切性质仍不清楚。为了直接解决这个问题，我们开发了一种范式，使我们能够分解两种不同类型的信息内容：反映观察的意外性的信息理论惊喜，以及引起信念转变的认知价值，或者更正式地说，贝叶斯惊喜。通过对人类进行功能性磁共振成像，我们发现富含多巴胺的中脑区域编码信念的转变，而惊喜则编码在前额叶区域，包括前补充运动区和背侧扣带皮层。通过将假定的多巴胺能活动与信念更新联系起来，这些数据提供了与错误信念形成的联系，该错误信念的形成表征了与特发性和药物诱发的精神病相关的高多巴胺能状态。最近的研究表明多巴胺在（异常）信念形成中发挥着核心作用。使用功能磁共振成像，我们发现富含多巴胺的中脑区域编码信念的转变。表现与中脑激活的效应大小呈负相关。信念的转变与前额叶区域发出的惊讶信号无关。这些数据提供了与精神病中错误信念形成的联系。
Dopamine is implicated in a diverse range of cognitive functions including cognitive flexibility, task switching, signalling novel or unexpected stimuli as well as advance information. There is also longstanding line of thought that links dopamine with belief formation and, crucially, aberrant belief formation in psychosis. Integrating these strands of evidence would suggest that dopamine plays a central role in belief updating and more specifically in encoding of meaningful information content in observations. The precise nature of this relationship has remained unclear. To directly address this question we developed a paradigm that allowed us to decompose two distinct types of information content, information-theoretic surprise that reflects the unexpectedness of an observation, and epistemic value that induces shifts in beliefs or, more formally, Bayesian surprise. Using functional magnetic-resonance imaging in humans we show that dopamine-rich midbrain regions encode shifts in beliefs whereas surprise is encoded in prefrontal regions, including the pre-supplementary motor area and dorsal cingulate cortex. By linking putative dopaminergic activity to belief updating these data provide a link to false belief formation that characterises hyperdopaminergic states associated with idiopathic and drug induced psychosis. Recent work suggests a central role of dopamine in (aberrant) belief formation. Using fMRI we show that dopamine-rich midbrain regions encode shifts in beliefs. Performance correlated negatively with the effect size of midbrain activation. Shifts in beliefs are dissociated from surprise signalled in prefrontal regions. These data provide a link to false belief formation in psychosis.