Best practice in research - Overcoming common challenges in phytopharmacological research
Best practice in research - Overcoming common challenges in phytopharmacological research
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jep.2019.112230
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发表时间：
2020-01-10
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Viljoen, Alvaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heinrich, Michael;Appendino, Giovanni;Viljoen, Alvaro
背景：天然生物活性制剂的药理学、毒理学和药代动力学已成为一个蓬勃发展的研究领域。然而，研究复杂的提取物和天然产物面临着许多挑战。近年来，对药理学研究，特别是其设计、使用的方法和报告的批评越来越广泛。目的：本共识文件提供了对天然来源的生物活性制剂的药理学研究的最佳实践构成的观点，提供了该领域领先的专业期刊认为好的研究的核心特征的观点。途径（“方法”）：七家期刊的主编在一个反复的过程中制定了这个最佳实践声明。指导方针的初稿（由MH编写）随后由其他编辑讨论和修改。结果：该贡献的核心是一个表格，其中提供了详细的建议，包括一些简单的要点，如使用适当的对照和所调查材料的完全分类有效性（见下文），以及模型与所研究问题的相关性（例如，特定的计算机或体外模型是否真的能解决物种的抗炎活性？）因此，显然，研究人员必须详细注意报告和讨论这类研究。这些信息必须在科学质量和有效性方面进行批判性的讨论（尽可能多地基于已发表的论文）。虽然这些要点是显而易见的，但作为编辑，我们意识到它们通常没有得到适当的实现。结论：我们呼吁采用一种结合精心设计，细致执行和详细报告研究的方法，重点关注生物活性制剂的药理学/生物活性。显然，可测试的研究问题必须通过实验来开发和研究。正如药理学的创始人克劳德·伯纳德在1865年所说的那样：“……实验者的假设要么被推翻，要么被实验证明。当实验证明其先入为主的观点不成立时，实验者必须抛弃或修改它。
Background: The pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of bioactive preparations derived from natural sources has become a flourishing field of research. However, researching complex extracts and natural products faces numerous challenges. More broadly in recent years the critique of pharmacological research, and specifically its design, the methods used and reporting has intensified.Aims: This consensus document provides a perspective on what constitutes best practice in pharmacological research on bioactive preparations derived from natural sources, providing a perspective of what the leading specialist journals in the field consider as the core characteristics of good research.Approach ('methods'): The editors-in-chief of seven journals developed this best practice statement in an iterative process. A first draft of the guidelines (prepared by MH) was then discussed and amended by the other editors.Outcomes: Core to this contribution is a table which provides detailed advice including simple points like a use of appropriate controls and the full taxonomic validity of the material under investigation (see also below), to the relevance of the model for the question being researched (e.g., can specific in silico or in vitro models really address the species anti-inflammatory activity?). Therefore, obviously, researchers must pay detailed attention to reporting and discussing such studies. This information must be discussed critically (as much as it is possible based on the published papers) in terms of their scientific quality and validity. While these points are obvious, as editors, we are aware that they are often not properly implemented.Conclusion: We call for an approach which incorporates a careful design, meticulous execution and a detailed reporting of studies focusing on the pharmacology/bioactivity of bioactive preparations. Clearly testable research questions must be developed and investigated experimentally. As the founder of pharmacology Claude Bernard put it already in 1865: '... either the experimenter's hypothesis will be disproved or it will be proved by experiment. When experiment disproves its preconceived ideas, the experimenter must discard or modify it.'