A Novel Low-Cost Ventilator for Use in a Worldwide Pandemic: The Portsmouth Ventilator.
A Novel Low-Cost Ventilator for Use in a Worldwide Pandemic: The Portsmouth Ventilator.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/cce.0000000000000292
复制
发表时间：
2020-12-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Booth, Gregory J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cole, Jacob H;Hughey, Scott B;Booth, Gregory J
正在进行的2019年冠状病毒病大流行表明，可能需要一种低成本、可快速部署的呼吸机。基于这个前提，我们试图设计一个呼吸机，符合以下标准：1)公众可访问的标准组件，2)“开源”兼容性，允许任何人轻松地重新创建系统，3)急性呼吸窘迫综合征的通气能力，4)尽可能低的成本提供足够的氧合和通风。设计：我们追求一种气动式呼吸机的发展。基本设计包括三个电控电磁阀、一个压力室、患者呼吸回路、呼气末正压阀和一个电子控制系统。设计中包含了多个安全元素。用户友好的界面允许简单的控制通风机设置。该呼吸机提供气动辅助控制通气的混合形式，预测潮气量为300-800mL，呼气末正压0-20cm H2O， Fio2 21-100%。主要结果：该呼吸机在两个独立的高保真肺模拟器和猪体内模型上进行了广泛的测试。两种肺模拟器都能够模拟各种病理状态，包括阻塞性肺病和急性呼吸窘迫综合征。该呼吸机在所有模拟场景中表现良好。同样，猪体内模型被用来评估活组织中的性能，特别强调气体交换。与标准呼吸机相比，该呼吸机在体内表现良好，表现出良好的通气和氧合。结论：朴茨茅斯呼吸机能够在所有模拟病理和体内表现良好。公众可以以大约250美元的价格购买所有部件。尽管与现代呼吸机相比，这种呼吸机的功能有限，但简单的设计似乎是安全的，并且在呼吸机激增需求超过供应时可以快速批量生产。
The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has demonstrated the potential need for a low-cost, rapidly deployable ventilator. Based on this premise, we sought to design a ventilator with the following criteria: 1) standard components that are accessible to the public, 2) "open-source" compatibility to allow anyone to easily recreate the system, 3) ability to ventilate in acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 4) lowest possible cost to provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation.DESIGN: We pursued development of a pneumatic-type ventilator. The basic design involves three electrically controlled solenoid valves, a pressure chamber, the patient breathing circuit, a positive end-expiratory pressure valve, and an electronics control system. Multiple safety elements were built into the design. The user-friendly interface allows simple control of ventilator settings. The ventilator delivers a hybrid form of pneumatic, assist-control ventilation, with predicted tidal volumes of 300-800mL, positive end-expiratory pressure 0-20cm H2O, and Fio2 21-100%.MAIN RESULTS: The ventilator was extensively tested with two separate high-fidelity lung simulators and a porcine in vivo model. Both lung simulators were able to simulate a variety of pathologic states, including obstructive lung disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The ventilator performed well across all simulated scenarios. Similarly, a porcine in vivo model was used to assess performance in live tissue, with a specific emphasis on gas exchange. The ventilator performed well in vivo and demonstrated noninferior ventilation and oxygenation when compared with the standard ventilator.CONCLUSIONS: The Portsmouth Ventilator was able to perform well across all simulated pathologies and in vivo. All components may be acquired by the public for a cost of approximately $250 U.S.D. Although this ventilator has limited functionality compared with modern ventilators, the simple design appears to be safe and would allow for rapid mass production if ventilator surge demand exceeded supply.