Time in a quantum mechanical world
Time in a quantum mechanical world
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量子力学世界中的时间
DOI：
10.1088/0305-4470/24/13/018
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Pegg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Pegg
在量子力学中，通常将物理现实表示为希尔伯特空间中特定时间的矢量，演化由涉及外部强加时间参数的薛定谔方程控制。如果人们希望把宇宙看作一个量子力学系统，这就会导致困难，因为在这样一个系统之外不应该有时间。本文的方法是用希尔伯特空间中的向量来表示现实的总体。作者展示了时间是如何进化的，现在的时间是根据量子力学时钟的状态来定义的，量子力学时钟是系统的一部分。而不是时钟状态和系统其余部分的状态之间的相关性，因为两者都受到涉及外部时间参数的强加规律的支配，可以看出这种相关性是独立于分离的爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森类型。包含系统整个历史的总现实向量被证明是系统哈密顿量的零能量特征态。他讨论了有限生命和无限生命的系统，并且能够回答这个问题：初始状态之前的状态是什么？他的结论是，这篇论文中的量子力学系统是对观测到的宇宙的合理描述。
In quantum mechanics it is usual to represent physical reality as a vector in Hilbert space at a particular time, with evolution being governed by Schrodinger's equation which involves an externally imposed time parameter. This leads to difficulties if one wishes to regard the universe as a quantum mechanical system, because there should no time external to such a system. The approach in this paper is to represent the totality of reality as a vector in Hilbert space. The author shows how time evolution follows, where time now is defined in terms of the states of a quantum mechanical clock which is part of the system. Rather than the correlation between the clock states and the states of the rest of the system arising because both are governed by an imposed law involving an external time parameter, it is seen that this correlation is of the separation-independent Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type. The total reality vector, which incorporates the whole history of the system, is shown to be a zero-energy eigenstate of the system Hamiltonian. He discusses systems of finite and infinite lifetime, and is able to answer the question: what was the state before the initial state? He concludes that the quantum mechanical system of this paper is a reasonable representation of the observed universe.