Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses
Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses
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DOI：
10.1017/s0007114507832971
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Hornig, Dietrich H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maggini, Silvia;Wintergerst, Eva S.;Hornig, Dietrich H.
免疫系统需要摄入足够的微量营养素才能有效发挥作用。营养素缺乏通过影响先天性、T细胞介导的和适应性抗体应答来抑制免疫，导致平衡的宿主应答失调。这种情况增加了感染的可能性，增加了发病率和死亡率。反过来，感染会减少营养素摄入、增加损失并通过改变代谢途径干扰利用，从而加剧微量营养素缺乏症。微量营养素摄入不足发生在饮食失调的人，吸烟者（主动和被动），慢性酗酒的人，某些疾病，怀孕和哺乳期间，以及老年人。本文概述了所选维生素和微量元素在免疫功能中的作用。营养素通过支持物理屏障（皮肤/粘膜）、细胞免疫和抗体产生，在三个层面上促进身体的天然防御。维生素A、C、E和微量元素锌有助于增强皮肤屏障功能。维生素A、136、B 12、C、D、E和叶酸以及微量元素铁、锌、铜和硒协同作用以支持免疫细胞的保护活性。最后，除了维生素C和铁之外，所有这些微量营养素都是抗体产生所必需的。总的来说，这些维生素和微量元素的摄入量和状态不足可能会导致免疫力低下，从而容易感染并加剧营养不良。因此，补充这些选定的微量营养素可以通过增强所有三个层次的免疫力来支持身体的自然防御系统。
Adequate intakes of micronutrients are required for the immune system to function efficiently. Micronutrient deficiency suppresses immunity by affecting innate, T cell mediated and adaptive antibody responses, leading to dysregulation of the balanced host response. This situation increases susceptibility to infections, with increased morbidity and mortality. In turn, infections aggravate micronutrient deficiencies by reducing nutrient intake, increasing losses, and interfering with utilization by altering metabolic pathways. Insufficient intake of micronutrients occurs in people with eating disorders, in smokers (active and passive), in individuals with chronic alcohol abuse, in certain diseases, during pregnancy and lactation, and in the elderly. This paper summarises the roles of selected vitamins and trace elements in immune function. Micronutrients contribute to the body's natural defences on three levels by supporting physical barriers (skin/mucosa), cellular immunity and antibody production. Vitamins A, C, E and the trace element zinc assist in enhancing the skin barrier function. The vitamins A, 136, B 12, C, D, E and folic acid and the trace elements iron, zinc, copper and selenium work in synergy to support the protective activities of the immune cells. Finally, all these micronutrients, with the exception of vitamin C and iron, are essential for antibody production. Overall, inadequate intake and status of these vitamins and trace elements may lead to suppressed immunity, which predisposes to infections and aggravates malnutrition. Therefore, supplementation with these selected micronutrients can support the body's natural defence system by enhancing all three levels of immunity.