Placing inspection time, reaction time, and perceptual speed in the broader context of cognitive ability: The VPR model in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
Placing inspection time, reaction time, and perceptual speed in the broader context of cognitive ability: The VPR model in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
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DOI：
10.1016/j.intell.2011.07.003
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Deary, Ian J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Wendy;Deary, Ian J.
信息处理速度与认知能力相关的观点由来已久。关于一般智力和发展轨迹的个体差异，已经积累了大量证据来支持它。两种所谓的基本认知任务，即反应时间和检查时间，已被用来汇编这一证据，但大多数研究都使用其中之一。速度和流体智力之间的关系往往比速度和结晶智力之间的关系更强，但测试这一点的研究混淆了语言能力与结晶智力以及空间/感知能力与流体智力。人们还提出了关于速度是否直接有助于一般智力或一般智力也有助于更具体的认知能力的问题。我们使用 1936 年洛锡安出生队列中的 18 项能力和速度测量（在大约 70 岁时进行评估）来构建认知能力的言语-感知-图像旋转（Johnson & Bouchard，2005a）模型的替代版本，以测试有关这些问题的不同假设。尽管我们的模型与数据的拟合程度差异相对较小，但他们表明，反应和检查时间任务是一般智力方面信息处理速度的可比较指标，语言和空间能力与信息处理速度类似，而空间、语言和感知速度能力与信息处理速度的关系比一般智力更直接。我们讨论这些结果的理论意义。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
The idea that information processing speed is related to cognitive ability has a long history. Much evidence has been amassed in its support, with respect to both individual differences in general intelligence and developmental trajectories. Two so-called elementary cognitive tasks, reaction time and inspection time, have been used to compile this evidence, but most studies have used either one or the other. Relations between speed and fluid intelligence have tended to be stronger than those between speed and crystallized intelligence, but studies testing this have confounded verbal abilities with crystallized intelligence and spatial/perceptual abilities with fluid intelligence. Questions have also been raised regarding whether speed contributes directly to general intelligence or to more specific cognitive abilities to which general intelligence also contributes. We used 18 ability and speed measures in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936, assessed at approximately age 70, to construct alternative versions of the Verbal-Perceptual-Image Rotation (Johnson & Bouchard, 2005a) model of cognitive ability to test different hypotheses regarding these issues. Though differences in the extents to which our models fit the data were relatively small, they suggested that reaction and inspection time tasks were comparable indicators of information processing speed with respect to general intelligence, that verbal and spatial abilities were similarly related to information processing speed, and that spatial, verbal, and perceptual speed abilities were more directly related to information processing speed than was general intelligence. We discuss the theoretical implications of these results. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.