Serious Gaming for Water Systems Planning and Management
Serious Gaming for Water Systems Planning and Management
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DOI：
10.3390/w8100456
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发表时间：
2016-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
D. Savić;M. Morley;M. Khoury
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Savić;M. Morley;M. Khoury
水系统规划和管理与游戏有着相同的根源，因为它们依赖于系统分析、运筹学和决策科学中的概念。这篇论文的重点是严肃的游戏(那些用于娱乐以外的目的)，以及在水系统规划和管理领域的应用。对已发表的关于博弈的工作进行了调查，并特别注意了认真博弈在水系统规划和管理中的应用。调查还被用来确定与水相关的严重游戏的分类的主要标准，包括应用领域、目标、玩家的数量和类型、用户界面、所使用的模拟模型的类型、游戏的真实感、性能反馈、进度监控和游戏的可移植性。审查表明，水部门的游戏应用可成为使各利益攸关方认识到与管理复杂的水系统有关的社会-技术-经济问题的宝贵工具。然而，批评性的审查也表明，在严重的游戏应用领域存在差距，缺乏供水系统游戏。本文提出了一种概念简单但计算复杂的给水系统分析、设计和评价新游戏(SeGWADE)。它的主要目标是为一个众所周知的基准问题找到一个成本最低的设计，对于这个问题，游戏环境从模拟工具和玩家身上减轻了计算和可视化的负担。由于其基本的游戏成分和活动，即挑战、游戏和乐趣，该游戏已在课堂环境中进行了评估，在该环境中，玩家对游戏的参与度很高。此外，在玩家如何尝试识别满足压力标准的解决方案方面也观察到了明显的改进，玩家容易地识别出较好的解决方案与开始的、不可行的配置的接近程度。通过像这样的严肃游戏的应用，决策者可以了解供水系统设计问题的复杂性，使用真实系统的计算机模型进行安全的实验，了解相互冲突的目标(即最小化成本和满足最小压力)，并制定应对复杂性的策略，而不受他们所使用的ICT技术的限制。
Water systems planning and management share the same roots with gaming, as they rely on concepts in systems analysis, operations research and decision sciences. This paper focuses on Serious Games (those used for purposes other than mere entertainment), with applications in the area of water systems planning and management. A survey of published work on gaming is carried out with particular attention given to applications of Serious Gaming to water systems planning and management. The survey is also used to identify the principal criteria for the classification of Serious Gaming for water related applications, including application areas, goals, number and type of players, user interface, type of simulation model used, realism of the game, performance feedback, progress monitoring and game portability. The review shows that game applications in the water sector can be a valuable tool for making various stakeholders aware of the socio-techno-economic issues related to managing complex water systems. However, the critical review also indicates a gap that exists in the Serious Game application area with the lack of water distribution system games. A conceptually simple, but computationally elaborate new game for water distribution system analysis, design and evaluation (SeGWADE) is presented in this paper. It has a main goal of finding a least-cost design for a well-known benchmark problem, for which the game environment takes the computational and visualisation burden away from the simulation tool and the player. The game has been evaluated in a classroom environment in which a high degree of player engagement with the game was observed, due to its basic game ingredients and activities, i.e., challenge, play and fun. In addition, a clear improvement in learning has been observed in how players attempted to identify solutions that satisfy the pressure criterion with players readily identifying the proximity of the better solutions to the starting, infeasible configuration. Through applications of Serious Gaming such as this, decision makers can learn about the complexity of the water distribution system design problem, experiment safely using a computer model of a real system, understand conflicting objectives (i.e., minimization of cost and satisfaction of minimum pressure) and develop strategies for coping with complexity without being burdened by the limitations of the ICT technology at their disposal.