Emergence of Diseases From Wildlife Reservoirs
Emergence of Diseases From Wildlife Reservoirs
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DOI：
10.1177/0300985809354466
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Spraker, T. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rhyan, J. C.;Spraker, T. R.
在过去几十年中，人们对与野生动物有关的人类和牲畜新出现疾病的流行病学的兴趣大大增加。许多因素，大多数是人为的，促进了野生动物疾病的出现。有些牲畜疾病“蔓延”到野生动物，然后又“蔓延”到牲畜。当一个种群暴露于传染性病原体时，取决于涉及宿主、病原体和环境的因素的相互作用，该种群可能对感染具有抵抗力，或者可能成为死端宿主、溢出宿主或维持宿主。每一次接触都是独特的;同一物种的宿主和病原体在不同的情况下可能会有不同的反应。影响潜在宿主动物的环境和行为的管理措施可能会导致新的或尚未发现的疾病的出现。在预防、检测、监测和管理野生动物疾病方面存在许多障碍。这些障碍可能包括政治和法律的障碍、对野生动物的许多疾病缺乏了解、缺乏关于野生动物种群的基本数据、监测困难以及后勤限制。野生动物与人类或家畜之间日益增加的相互作用可能会导致疾病的出现，需要采取创新的方法和战略来监测和管理野生动物的疾病。
Interest in the epidemiology of emerging diseases of humans and livestock as they relate to wildlife has increased greatly over the past several decades. Many factors, most anthropogenic, have facilitated the emergence of diseases from wildlife. Some livestock diseases have "spilled over" to wildlife and then "spilled back" to livestock. When a population is exposed to an infectious agent, depending on an interaction of factors involving the host, agent, and environment, the population may be resistant to infection or may become a dead-end host, a spillover host, or a maintenance host. Each exposure is unique; the same species of host and agent may respond differently in different situations. Management actions that affect the environment and behavior of a potential host animal may allow the emergence of a new or as yet undetected disease. There are many barriers in preventing, detecting, monitoring and managing wildlife diseases. These may include political and legal hurdles, lack of knowledge about many diseases of wildlife, the absence of basic data on wildlife populations, difficulties with surveillance, and logistical constraints. Increasing interaction between wildlife and humans or domestic animals may lead to disease emergence and require innovative methods and strategies for disease surveillance and management in wildlife.