Understanding circadian clocks: from c-fos to fly balls.
Understanding circadian clocks: from c-fos to fly balls.
复制标题
了解生物钟：从 c-fos 到飞球。
DOI：
10.1002/ana.410410303
复制
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schwartz,WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwartz,WJ
日常生物节律是一种普遍现象，包括一系列活动，如蓝藻的固氮作用和人类的睡眠-觉醒周期。这种节律性与昼夜周期性交替同步的认识无疑可以追溯到史前时期，但认识到这些节律是生物体的先天特征则要晚得多[1]。今天，内部时间的概念被普遍接受，生物计时的研究正处于一个丰富的阶段：它涉及生物组织的水平，从单细胞生物的转录调节到运动队时差的可能影响；采用广泛的学科和方法；并联合了一大批研究人员，从植物遗传学家到临床精神病学家。体内计时为生物体提供了一种能够识别当地时间并测量时间流逝的机制。这使得身体节律能够被整合为协调一致的行动，并与当地时间相适应，优化生物系统的经济性，并允许预测而不是纯粹的反应性稳态控制[3]。生物钟有助于调节生殖节律、季节行为、天体导航和迁徙。人类昼夜节律的实际重要性及其对人类健康和疾病的影响直到现在才认识到。
Daily biological rhythms are universal phenomena, encompassing a range of activities as diverse as nitrogen fixation in cyanobacreria and sleep-wake cycles in humans. The recognition that such rhythmicity is synchronized to the periodic alternation of day and night undoubtedly dates to prehistory, but the realization that these rhythms are an innate feature of organisms is much more recent [l]. Today the notion of internal time is generally accepted, and the study of biological timekeeping is at a fertile stage: it involves levels of biological organization from transcriptional regulation in single-cell organisms to the possible effects of jet lag on sports teams; recruits a wide array of disciplines and methodologies; and unites a host of investigators, from plant geneticists to clinical psychiatrists. Internal timekeeping provides organisms with a mechanism that can recognize local time and measure its passage [2]. This allows body rhythms to be integrated for concerted action and phased to local time, optimizing the economy of biological systems and allowing for a predictive, rather than purely reactive, homeostatic control [3]. Circadian clocks contribute to the regulation of reproductive rhythms, seasonal behaviors, and celestial navigation and migration. The practical importance of human circadian rhythmicity, as well as its consequences for human health and disease, are only now being realized.