Three-dimensional Numeric Simulation of Root Canal Irrigant Flow with Different Irrigation Needles
Three-dimensional Numeric Simulation of Root Canal Irrigant Flow with Different Irrigation Needles
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DOI：
10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.010
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Haapasalo, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shen, Ya;Gao, Yuan;Haapasalo, Markus
前言：本研究的目的是利用计算流体力学(CFD)来研究针尖设计对灌水器流态的影响。方法：利用体外灌流模型的参数建立CFD模型。通过在距模拟直根管根尖3 mm和5 mm处放置27 mm缺口(APPLI-VAC)和侧向排气式开放式(Vista-Probe)针头记录灌流过程中的动态流体分布所获得的实验数据，验证了CFD分析结果。CFD分析中还包括了两种“虚拟”针尖设计，一种是斜面针尖(基于Appli-Vac)，另一种是基于Vista探针针的侧排气设计，但针尖是封闭的。CFD测量根尖压力、根管壁流速和根管内流速分布。结果：CFD模拟的流型与体外模型吻合较好。当放置在距根尖3 mm处时，灌注器到达或几乎到达具有全部4个针型的尖端。当放置在距根尖5 mm处时，侧向排气针没有到达根尖。管壁上的灌流速度(0~0.7m/S)与针腔内的灌水速度(7m/S)相比非常低，并且随着针尖设计的不同而不同。斜形针的根尖压最高，侧排气式封闭式针尖压最低。结论：灌注针的设计影响着流型、流速和根尖壁压力，这些都是影响灌流的有效性和安全性的重要参数。在评估针尖设计对这些参数的影响时，计算流体力学是一个有价值的工具。(J Endod 2010；36：884-889)
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate, by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the effect of needle tip design on irrigant flow pattern. Methods: Parameters of an in vitro irrigation model were used to create CFD models. Experimental data obtained by recording the dynamic fluid distribution during irrigation with 27-gauge notched (Appli-Vac) and side-vented open-ended (Vista-Probe) needles, placed at 3 and 5 mm from the apex of a simulated straight root canal prepared in a plastic block, were used to validate the results of CFD analysis. Two "virtual" needle tip designs were also included in CFD analysis, one with a beveled tip (based on Appli-Vac) and one with side-vent based on Vista-Probe needle but with a closed-end tip. Apical pressure, flow velocity at wall, and flow velocity distribution within root canal were determined by CFD. Results: Flow patterns generated by CFD were in close agreement with the in vitro model. When placed 3 mm from the apex, the irrigant reached, or almost reached, the apex with all 4 needle designs. When placed 5 mm from the apex, the irrigant did not reach the apex with the side-vented needles. Irrigant velocities on canal walls were very low (0-0.7 m/s) compared with that within the needle lumen (similar to 7 m/s) and varied as a function of needle tip design. Apical pressure was highest with the beveled needle and lowest with the side-vented closed-end needle. Conclusions: Irrigation needle tip design influences flow pattern, flow velocity, and apical wall pressure, all important parameters for the effectiveness and safety of irrigation. Computational fluid dynamics can be a valuable tool in assessing the implications of needle tip design on these parameters. (J Endod 2010;36:884-889)