Childhood self-control and unemployment throughout the life span: evidence from two British cohort studies.
Childhood self-control and unemployment throughout the life span: evidence from two British cohort studies.
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797615569001
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Baumeister RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daly M;Delaney L;Egan M;Baumeister RF
自我控制能力可能是成功进入劳动力市场和保住工作的基础，特别是在经济不稳定的时期。分析两个具有全国代表性的英国队列（N = 16，780）的失业数据，我们发现童年时期的低自我控制与四十年来失业的出现和持续有关。平均而言，自我控制的1-SD增加与智力，社会阶层和性别调整后的失业概率降低1.4个百分点有关。从进入劳动力市场到中年，自控力低的人失业的月数是自控力高的人的1.6倍。对20世纪80年代经济衰退之前和期间每月失业数据的分析表明，自控力低的人在经济衰退期间失业率上升最多。我们的研究结果强调了自我控制在塑造职业成功的生命轨迹和影响宏观经济条件如何影响人口失业水平方面的关键作用。
The capacity for self-control may underlie successful labor-force entry and job retention, particularly in times of economic uncertainty. Analyzing unemployment data from two nationally representative British cohorts (N = 16,780), we found that low self-control in childhood was associated with the emergence and persistence of unemployment across four decades. On average, a 1-SD increase in self-control was associated with a reduction in the probability of unemployment of 1.4 percentage points after adjustment for intelligence, social class, and gender. From labor-market entry to middle age, individuals with low self-control experienced 1.6 times as many months of unemployment as those with high self-control. Analysis of monthly unemployment data before and during the 1980s recession showed that individuals with low self-control experienced the greatest increases in unemployment during the recession. Our results underscore the critical role of self-control in shaping life-span trajectories of occupational success and in affecting how macroeconomic conditions affect unemployment levels in the population.