International activities in DMFC R&D:: status of technologies and potential applications
International activities in DMFC R&D:: status of technologies and potential applications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.032
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发表时间：
2004-03-10
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Antonucci, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dillon, R;Srinivasan, S;Antonucci, V
直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）的技术改进是由其在便携式，运输和固定应用中的令人兴奋的可能性推动的。在本文中，世界范围内的努力，导致大量的DMFC原型的发明与低，中，高功率容量的一些公司，研究机构和大学的概要。DMFC最有前途的短期应用似乎涉及便携式电源领域。DMFC装置的小型化技术的最新进展使得这些系统具有取代当前锂离子电池的吸引力。在电牵引领域，最近展示的DMFC堆的比功率密度和效率接近组合系统甲醇重整器-聚合物电解质燃料电池（PEMFC）的那些，刺激了对具有更高性能和更低成本的材料的开发的进一步研究。运输应用中最合适的操作温度范围似乎在100至150 ℃之间。这些操作条件可以通过使用新的高温电解质膜或含有在高温下具有保水性的无机材料的复合全氟磺酸膜来维持。甲醇氧化动力学的提高是DMFC发展中最具挑战性的问题。目前，铂基催化剂还没有实际的替代品。电极上的高贵金属负载和全氟磺酸膜的使用显著地增加了这些装置的成本。关键领域包括为特定的DMFC应用设计适当的膜电极组件和减少甲醇交叉。后一个方面与使用膜替代品严格相关，但也可以通过开发耐甲醇的氧还原催化剂来方便地解决。(C)2003 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Technological improvements in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are fuelled by their exciting possibilities in portable, transportation and stationary applications. In this paper, a synopsis of the worldwide efforts resulting in inventions of a plethora of DMFC prototypes with low, medium and high power capacities by a number of Companies, Research Institutions and Universities is presented. The most promising short term application of DMFCs appears to involve the field of portable power sources. Recent advances in the miniaturization technology of DMFCs devices make these systems attractive to replace the current Li-ion batteries. In the field of electrotraction recent demonstration of DMFC stacks with specific power densities and efficiencies approaching those of the combined system methanol reformer-polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) have stimulated further investigation on the development of materials with higher performance and lower cost. The most appropriate range of operation temperatures for applications in transportation appears to lie between 100 and 150 degreesC. These operating conditions may be sustained by using new high temperature electrolyte membranes or composite perfluorosulfonic membranes containing inorganic materials with water retention properties at high temperature. The most challenging problem for the development of DMFCs is the enhancement of methanol oxidation kinetics. At present, there are no practical alternatives to Pt-based catalysts. High noble metal loading on the electrodes and the use of perfluorosulfonic membranes significantly contribute to the cost of these devices. Critical areas include the design of appropriate membrane electrode assemblies for specific DMFC applications and the reduction of methanol cross-over. This latter aspect is strictly related to the use of membrane alternatives to Nation, but it may also be conveniently addressed by the development of methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction catalysts. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.