Concurrent TMS-fMRI for causal network perturbation and proof of target engagement
Concurrent TMS-fMRI for causal network perturbation and proof of target engagement
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118093
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发表时间：
2021-05-12
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Siebner, Hartwig Roman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergmann, Til Ole;Varatheeswaran, Rathiga;Siebner, Hartwig Roman
通过神经刺激技术对神经活动的实验操作克服了相关记录的固有局限性，使研究人员能够研究因果关系的大脑行为关系。但只有当刺激和记录相结合时，才能评估刺激对神经活动的直接影响。在人类中，这可以通过经颅磁刺激（TMS）与功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）的同时组合来实现。同时TMS功能磁共振成像可以评估TMS引起的神经血管反应，具有良好的空间分辨率和全脑覆盖。这使得TMS在皮层和深层皮层下结构中的局部和远程网络效应的功能映射成为可能，为基础研究和临床应用提供了独特的机会。这篇评论的目的是向读者介绍这个强大的工具。我们将介绍技术挑战和最先进的解决方案，并提供现有文献和可用实验方法的全面概述。我们将突出的独特见解，可以从并发TMS功能磁共振成像，包括状态依赖的神经反应性和区域间的有效连接，功能性靶点参与的演示，和刺激参数的系统评估。我们还将讨论如何在行为任务的同时TMS功能磁共振成像可以帮助链接行为TMS的影响，神经网络活动的变化，并确定外周共刺激混淆。最后，我们将审查使用并发TMS功能磁共振成像开发TMS治疗精神和神经系统疾病，并提出未来的改进，进一步推进并发TMS功能磁共振成像的应用。
The experimental manipulation of neural activity by neurostimulation techniques overcomes the inherent limitations of correlative recordings, enabling the researcher to investigate causal brain-behavior relationships. But only when stimulation and recordings are combined, the direct impact of the stimulation on neural activity can be evaluated. In humans, this can be achieved non-invasively through the concurrent combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Concurrent TMS-fMRI allows the assessment of the neurovascular responses evoked by TMS with excellent spatial resolution and full-brain coverage. This enables the functional mapping of both local and remote network effects of TMS in cortical as well as deep subcortical structures, offering unique opportunities for basic research and clinical applications. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to this powerful tool. We will introduce the technical challenges and state-of-the art solutions and provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature and the available experimental approaches. We will highlight the unique insights that can be gained from concurrent TMS-fMRI, including the state-dependent assessment of neural responsiveness and inter-regional effective connectivity, the demonstration of functional target engagement, and the systematic evaluation of stimulation parameters. We will also discuss how concurrent TMS-fMRI during a behavioral task can help to link behavioral TMS effects to changes in neural network activity and to identify peripheral co-stimulation confounds. Finally, we will review the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI for developing TMS treatments of psychiatric and neurological disorders and suggest future improvements for further advancing the application of concurrent TMS-fMRI.