PLASTICITY, CANALIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY OF THE DROSOPHILA WING: JOINT EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTAL TEMPERATURE
PLASTICITY, CANALIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY OF THE DROSOPHILA WING: JOINT EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTAL TEMPERATURE
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00774.x
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Dworkin, Ian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Debat, Vincent;Debelle, Allan;Dworkin, Ian
遗传和环境操作的表型效应很少同时研究。除了表型可塑性，它们对遗传和表型变异的数量和方向的影响具有特别的进化重要性，因为这些构成了自然选择的材料。在这里，我们使用了16个基因的杂合插入突变参与果蝇翅膀的形成。果蝇在两种发育温度（18摄氏度和28摄氏度）下饲养。基于地标的几何形态测量学被用来分析不同层次的翅膀大小和形状的变化：基因型和温度之间;组内的个体之间;和波动的不对称性（FA）。我们的研究结果表明：（1）突变的表型效应依赖于温度;（2）然而，大多数突变影响翅膀的可塑性;（3）温度和突变都改变了FA水平和品系内个体间的变异。值得注意的是，形状FA的模式似乎不受温度的影响，而那些与个体差异有关的模式则系统地改变了。通过改变可用的表型变异的方向，温度可能直接影响进一步进化的潜力。这也表明，负责发展稳定性和环境渠化的发展过程可能是部分不同的。
The phenotypic effects of genetic and environmental manipulations have been rarely investigated simultaneously. In addition to phenotypic plasticity, their effect on the amount and directions of genetic and phenotypic variation is of particular evolutionary importance because these constitute the material for natural selection. Here, we used heterozygous insertional mutations of 16 genes involved in the formation of the Drosophila wing. The flies were raised at two developmental temperatures (18 degrees C and 28 degrees C). Landmark-based geometric morphometrics was used to analyze the variation of the wing size and shape at different hierarchical levels: among genotypes and temperatures; among individuals within group; and fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Our results show that (1) the phenotypic effects of the mutations depend on temperature; (2) reciprocally, most mutations affect wing plasticity; (3) both temperature and mutations modify the levels of FA and of among individuals variation within lines. Remarkably, the patterns of shape FA seem unaffected by temperature whereas those associated with individual variation are systematically altered. By modifying the direction of available phenotypic variation, temperature might thus directly affect the potential for further evolution. It suggests as well that the developmental processes responsible for developmental stability and environmental canalization might be partially distinct.