Salinity‐related desertification and management strategies: Indian experience
Salinity‐related desertification and management strategies: Indian experience
复制标题
与盐度相关的荒漠化和管理策略：印度经验
DOI：
10.1002/ldr.933
复制
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
["G. Singh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
["G. Singh
根区土壤中盐分的高浓度限制了世界上近9.53亿公顷生产性土地的生产力。澳大利亚的盐碱化和碱化面积最大，其次是亚洲。盐渍化土壤和微咸地下水资源大多局限于干旱和半干旱地区，是引发沙漠化过程的主要因素。盐碱化和碱化问题已经使印度约673万公顷的土地退化。在干旱地区，如印度西部的塔尔沙漠和印度中部的沙尔达萨哈亚克，由于地下水水位的上升，盐分的增加，导致了二次盐碱化。在沿海的安得拉邦和其他地方，利用海水大规模养殖对虾使大约210万公顷的地区不适合农业。同样，该国西北部各邦30 - 84%的地下水是咸水和/或半咸水，不适合灌溉。使用劣质水进行灌溉已经使几千公顷的肥沃土地不适合耕种。中央土壤盐分研究所于1969年在卡纳尔成立，旨在开发可持续和生态友好的技术，以回收和管理受盐影响的土壤，并明智地利用边际水质。该研究所开发了针对特定地点的技术，以恢复印度与盐有关的荒漠化。在过去的三十年和更长的研究中提出了突出的发现，在这篇综述。本文涉及(a)印度受盐影响的土壤和劣质水的分类、性质和程度，(b)与盐有关的荒漠化的案例研究/社会经济问题，(c)用于恢复受盐影响的土壤的化学、水文和生物方法，(d)通过循环和混合模式以及精确灌溉技术安全有效地使用边际水质地下水的指南，(e)成功的恢复案例研究，(e)成功的恢复案例研究。(f)替代土地利用做法，如种植森林种植园、园艺、农林业、高价值药用、芳香和开花作物等；(g)技术、社会、经济和环境影响；(h)未来的研究方向。本文还讨论了需要采取政策措施来制止与盐有关的荒漠化的问题。版权所有©2009 John Wiley & Sons， Ltd
High concentration of salts in the rootzone soil limits the productivity of nearly 953 million ha of productive land in the world. Australia, followed by Asia, has the largest area under salinity and sodicity. Most of the salt‐affected soils and brackish ground water resources are confined to arid and semiarid regions and are the causative factors for triggering the process of desertification. The problem of salinity and sodicity has degraded about 6·73 million ha area in India. Secondary salinization associated with introduction of irrigation in dry areas like Thar desert in the western part of the country and Sharda Sahayak in Central India have caused desertification due to rise of salts with the rise in ground water level. Large scale cultivation of prawns using sea water in coastal Andhra Pradesh and elsewhere rendered about 2.1 million ha area unfit for agriculture. Similarly, 30–84 per cent ground water in north‐western states of the country is either saline and /or brackish and is unfit for irrigation. Use of marginal quality water for irrigation has rendered several thousand ha of productive land unfit for cultivation. The Central Soil Salinity Research Institute was established in 1969 at Karnal to develop sustainable and eco‐friendly technologies for reclamation and management of salt‐affected soils and judicious use of marginal quality waters. The institute has developed location‐specific techniques for reversion of salinity related desertification in India. Salient findings of research during the last three decades and more are presented in this review. This paper deals with (a) classification, nature and extent of salt‐affected soils and poor quality water in India, (b) case studies/socio‐economic concerns of salinity related desertification, (c) chemical, hydrological and biological approaches in use for rehabilitation of salt‐affected soils, (d) guidelines for safe and productive use of marginal quality ground water through cyclic and mixed mode and precision irrigation techniques, (e) successful rehabilitation case studies, (f) alternate land use practices such as raising forest plantations, horticulture, agroforestry, high value medicinal, aromatic and flowering crops, etc., (g) technological, social, economic and environmental impacts and (h) future line of research. Issues requiring policy initiatives to halt salinity‐related desertification are also discussed in this review paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.