Screening and prioritization of nano- and microplastic particle toxicity studies for evaluating human health risks - development and application of a toxicity study assessment tool.
Screening and prioritization of nano- and microplastic particle toxicity studies for evaluating human health risks - development and application of a toxicity study assessment tool.
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DOI：
10.1186/s43591-021-00023-x
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Wright SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gouin T;Ellis-Hutchings R;Thornton Hampton LM;Lemieux CL;Wright SL
人们对接触纳米和微塑料颗粒(NMP)可能带来的人类健康影响的担忧正在增加。虽然已经有几年关于NMP的生态毒理效应的研究报告，但人类健康毒理学研究最近才出现。因此，现有的人类健康危害数据是有限的，潜在的关切是了解潜在的人类健康影响的相关性和可靠性。在这项研究中，我们开发并应用了一种NMP毒性筛选评估工具(NMP-TSAT)，用于对照一套体内和体外研究的质量保证和质量控制(QA/QC)标准来评估人类健康影响研究。共有74项代表吸入或口腔暴露途径的研究被确定和评估。评估类别包括颗粒表征、实验设计和风险评估的适用性；组织了关键和非关键标准，以便进行筛选和优先排序。据观察，使用NMP-TSAT评估的大多数研究都是在单分散颗粒上进行的，主要是球状颗粒(≈60%)，由聚苯乙烯(≈46%)组成。大多数研究已经测试了颗粒<； 5 μm，最小颗粒尺寸为10 nm，最大颗粒尺寸约为200 μm。体内研究的总评估分数(TAS)为52，而体外研究的总评估分数为46，这是基于分别对26和23个标准获得2的最高分数。在体内和体外研究中，评估的TAS分别在12到44和16到34之间。考虑到根据研究的TAS对研究进行优先排序的相关挑战，我们提出了一种分级方法，即根据各种关键标准的评分情况对研究进行初步筛选，这些标准已被定义为与评估对人类健康的危险和风险的相关性。在这种情况下，对于每个关键标准得分至少为1的研究，无论它们根据其TAS的排名如何，都会作为第一级筛选和优先级阶段的一部分进行优先排序，然后再进行专家评估，代表第二级评估。使用这种方法，我们确定了10项口服摄取研究和2项吸入研究，这些研究在所有关键标准中得分至少为1。最后，确定了加强未来影响研究的几个关键意见，其中包括需要生成和获得代表人类接触核素的标准参考材料，用于毒性测试系统和/或改进测试颗粒特性的表征和核实，以及在进行体内吸入或口服毒性测试时采用经合组织建议的研究设计指南。网上版载有补充材料，可在10.1186/s43591-021-00023-x查阅。
Concern regarding the human health implications that exposure to nano- and microplastic particles (NMPs) potentially represents is increasing. While there have been several years of research reporting on the ecotoxicological effects of NMPs, human health toxicology studies have only recently emerged. The available human health hazard data are thus limited, with potential concern regarding the relevance and reliability for understanding the potential human health implications. In this study we develop and apply a NMP toxicity screening assessment tool (NMP-TSAT) for evaluating human health effects studies against a suite of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) criteria for both in vivo and in vitro studies. A total of 74 studies representing either inhalation or oral exposure pathways were identified and evaluated. Assessment categories include particle characterization, experimental design, and applicability for risk assessment; with critical and non-critical criteria organized to allow screening and prioritization. It is observed that the majority of studies evaluated using the NMP-TSAT have been performed on monodisperse particles, predominately spheres (≈60%), consisting of polystyrene (≈46%). The majority of studies have tested particles < 5 μm, with a minimal particle size of 10 nm and a maximum particle size of about 200 μm. The total assessment score (TAS) possible for in vivo studies is 52, whereas for in vitro studies it is 46, which is based on receiving a maximum score of 2 against 26 and 23 criteria, respectively. The evaluated TAS ranged from between 12 and 44 and 16–34, for in vivo and in vitro studies, respectively. Given the challenges associated with prioritizing studies based on ranking them according to their TAS we propose a Tiered approach, whereby studies are initially screened based on how they score against various critical criteria, which have been defined for their relevance for assessing the hazards and risks for human health. In this instance, studies that score a minimum of ‘1’ against each of the critical criteria, regardless of how they rank according to their TAS, are prioritized as part of a Tier 1 screening and prioritization phase, which would then be followed by an expert evaluation, representing a Tier 2 level of assessment. Using this approach we identify 10 oral ingestion and 2 inhalation studies that score at least 1 against all critical criteria. Lastly, several key observations for strengthening future effects studies are identified, these include a need for the generation and access to standard reference materials representative of human exposure to NMPs for use in toxicity test systems and/or the improved characterization and verification of test particle characteristics, and the adoption of study design guidance, such as recommended by OECD, when conducting either in vivo inhalation or oral ingestion toxicity tests. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-021-00023-x.