False memory in aging resulting from self-referential processing.
False memory in aging resulting from self-referential processing.
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自我参照处理导致衰老过程中的错误记忆。
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbt018
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gutchess,AngelaH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rosa,NicoleM;Gutchess,AngelaH
参考自我可以增强准确的记忆，但对于这种策略如何影响错误记忆，尤其是高度自我相关的信息，我们所知甚少。由于老年人更容易产生错误记忆，我们测试了自我参照是否会随着年龄的增长而增加错误记忆。方法在两项研究中，老年人和年轻人分别对形容词的自我描述性进行了评分，然后完成了一个惊喜识别测试，该测试由先前的自我描述性评分词和新颖的诱惑词组成。随后，为了评估自我关联对错误记忆的影响，对引诱词的自我描述性进行了评级。研究2引入共性判断作为对照条件，除了自我描述条件下的形容词外，参与者还完成了对被评为共性的形容词的识别测试。结果两项研究的结果都表明，老年人和年轻人对自我参照的反应倾向增加，这增加了命中率，但随着信息变得更加自我描述，错误警报也增加了，尤其是老年人。尽管目前的研究支持先前的文献，表明对自我参照信息的记忆增强，但假警报的增加，特别是在老年人中，突出了记忆错误的可能性，特别是对与自我密切相关的信息。
ObjectivesReferencing the self is known to enhance accurate memory, but less is known about how the strategy affects false memory, particularly for highly self-relevant information. Because older adults are more prone to false memories, we tested whether self-referencing increased false memories with age.MethodIn 2 studies, older and younger adults rated adjectives for self-descriptiveness and later completed a surprise recognition test comprised of words rated previously for self-descriptiveness and novel lure words. Lure words were subsequently rated for self-descriptiveness in order to assess the impact of self-relevance on false memory. Study 2 introduced commonness judgments as a control condition, such that participants completed a recognition test on adjectives rated for commonness in addition to adjectives in the self-descriptiveness condition.ResultsAcross both studies, findings indicate an increased response bias to self-referencing that increased hit rates for both older and younger adults but also increased false alarms as information became more self-descriptive, particularly for older adults.DiscussionAlthough the present study supports previous literature showing a boost in memory for self-referenced information, the increase in false alarms, especially in older adults, highlights the potential for memory errors, particularly for information that is strongly related to the self.