Harnessing innovation policy for industrial decarbonization: Capabilities and manufacturing in the wind and solar power sectors of China and India
Harnessing innovation policy for industrial decarbonization: Capabilities and manufacturing in the wind and solar power sectors of China and India
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DOI：
10.1016/j.erss.2020.101644
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
D. Hayashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Hayashi
本研究探讨了中国和印度的技术特征如何影响政策对风力涡轮机和太阳能光伏（PV）制造业创新的影响。该分析借鉴了2000-2017年上述行业的专利申请和政府政策。自2000年代中期以来，中国的风能和太阳能光伏专利迅速增加，而印度的专利数量仍然很低。在2000-2017年间，风力涡轮机是一种设计密集型和具有成本竞争力的技术。因此，建设风力涡轮机行业的创新能力需要技术推动政策，以支持研究和开发以及隐性知识转让，还需要需求拉动政策，以创造一个规模可观、可预测和以业绩为导向的国内市场。太阳能光伏发电被认为是一种制造密集型和更昂贵的技术。因此，光伏制造业受益于促进出口导向型制造业的技术推动政策。虽然国内市场发挥了补充作用，但侧重于保证投资回报（上网电价）的需求拉动政策有助于提高太阳能光伏发电的创新绩效。中国在执行满足这些技术具体要求的技术推动和需求拉动政策方面取得了平衡。相反，印度的技术推动政策不足，导致风电和太阳能光伏创新滞后。因此，决策者需要在技术推动和需求拉动政策之间取得平衡，特别是将创新政策纳入政策组合，并注重技术特点，因为这些特点决定了发展创新能力所需的技术学习的性质。
This study examines how technological characteristics influence the impacts of policy on innovation with respect to wind turbine and solar photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing industries in China and India. The analysis draws on patent applications and government policies in the aforementioned industries from 2000–2017. Wind power and solar PV patents in China have increased rapidly since the mid-2000s, whereas patent numbers in India have remained low. Between 2000–2017, wind turbine was a design-intensive and cost-competitive technology. Consequently, building innovation capabilities in the wind turbine industry required technology-push policies to support research and development and tacit knowledge transfer, and demand-pull policies to create a sizeable, predictable, and performance-oriented domestic market. Solar PV was considered to be a manufacturing-intensive and more expensive technology. Thus, the PV manufacturing industry benefited from technology-push policies that promoted export-oriented manufacturing. While the domestic market played a supplementary role, demand-pull policies that focused on guaranteed investment returns (feed-in tariffs) helped to improve the innovation performance in solar PV. China balanced the implementation of technology-push and demand-pull policies that met these technology-specific requirements. On the contrary, India’s inadequate technology-push policies led to a lag in innovation in wind power and solar PV. Thus, policymakers need to strike a balance between technology-push and demand-pull policies, particularly by integrating innovation policies into a policy mix, and focus on technological characteristics as they determine the nature of the technological learning required to develop innovation capabilities.