The Mediterranean Sea Overturning Circulation
The Mediterranean Sea Overturning Circulation
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DOI：
10.1175/jpo-d-18-0254.1
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发表时间：
2019-04
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
N. Pinardi;P. Cessi;Federica Borile;C. Wolfe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Pinardi;P. Cessi;Federica Borile;C. Wolfe
在欧拉框架和残余框架中研究了整个地中海的时均纬向和经向翻转环流。翻转的特点是垂直和纬向或经向平面上的单元，在上部水柱中呈顺时针环流，在深海和深海区域中呈逆时针环流。纬向翻转由位于水柱顶部 600 m 的一个与经典 Wüst 环流相关的上部顺时针环流和两个附加的深顺时针环流组成，一个对应于东地中海瞬变 (EMT) 期间爱琴海浓水的流出，另一个与罗德环流中浓水的形成相关。讨论了 EMT 之前、期间和之后区域翻转的变化。经向盆地翻转由顺时针方向的多中心单元组成，与位于东地中海盆地和西地中海盆地的四个北部深海形成区相连。 Wüst 单元和经向翻转之间的联系通过 600 m 以上两层的水平速度垂直积分来可视化。通过计算直布罗陀海峡流入/流出所强制的垂直积分速度的发散分量，可以分离出与倾覆相关的水平速度分量。
The time-mean zonal and meridional overturning circulations of the entire Mediterranean Sea are studied in both the Eulerian and residual frameworks. The overturning is characterized by cells in the vertical and either zonal or meridional planes with clockwise circulations in the upper water column and counterclockwise circulations in the deep and abyssal regions. The zonal overturning is composed of an upper clockwise cell in the top 600 m of the water column related to the classical Wüst cell and two additional deep clockwise cells, one corresponding to the outflow of the dense Aegean water during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) and the other associated with dense water formation in the Rhodes Gyre. The variability of the zonal overturning before, during, and after the EMT is discussed. The meridional basinwide overturning is composed of clockwise, multicentered cells connected with the four northern deep ocean formation areas, located in the Eastern and Western Mediterranean basins. The connection between the Wüst cell and the meridional overturning is visualized through the horizontal velocities vertically integrated across two layers above 600 m. The component of the horizontal velocity associated with the overturning is isolated by computing the divergent components of the vertically integrated velocities forced by the inflow/outflow at the Strait of Gibraltar.