Bacterial degradation of aromatic pollutants: a paradigm of metabolic versatility.
Bacterial degradation of aromatic pollutants: a paradigm of metabolic versatility.
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DOI：
10.2436/im.v7i3.9468
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发表时间：
2004-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Díaz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Díaz
虽然大多数生物都有解毒能力（即矿化、转化和/或固定污染物），但微生物，特别是细菌，在生物地球化学循环和生物圈的可持续发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。苯环是自然界中除葡萄糖残基外分布最广的化学结构单元，许多芳香族化合物是主要的环境污染物。细菌已经开发出在好氧或缺氧条件下从几乎所有化合物中获得能量的策略（使用替代的最终电子受体，如硝酸盐，硫酸盐和铁离子）。编码芳香族化合物催化剂的基因簇通常存在于移动的遗传元件中，如转座子和质粒，这有助于它们的水平基因转移，从而使微生物迅速适应新的污染物。原位生物修复的一个成功策略是在单一细菌菌株或互养细菌联合体中将不同的降解能力与在特定环境中提供选择优势的遗传性状相结合。DNA测序和基因表达（基因组学）和功能（蛋白质组学）分析的高通量方法的出现，以及计算机模拟微生物代谢的进展，提供了一种全球性的合理方法，以揭示微生物在生物技术过程中基本上未开发的潜力，从而促进可持续发展。
Although most organisms have detoxification abilities (i.e mineralization, transformation and/or immobilization of pollutants), microorganisms, particularly bacteria, play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and in sustainable development of the biosphere. Next to glucosyl residues, the benzene ring is the most widely distributed unit of chemical structure in nature, and many of the aromatic compounds are major environmental pollutants. Bacteria have developed strategies for obtaining energy from virtually every compound under oxic or anoxic conditions (using alternative final electron acceptors such as nitrate, sulfate, and ferric ions). Clusters of genes coding for the catabolism of aromatic compounds are usually found in mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and plasmids, which facilitate their horizontal gene transfer and, therefore, the rapid adaptation of microorganisms to new pollutants. A successful strategy for in situ bioremediation has been the combination, in a single bacterial strain or in a syntrophic bacterial consortium, of different degrading abilities with genetic traits that provide selective advantages in a given environment. The advent of high-throughput methods for DNA sequencing and analysis of gene expression (genomics) and function (proteomics), as well as advances in modelling microbial metabolism in silico, provide a global, rational approach to unravel the largely unexplored potentials of microorganisms in biotechnological processes thereby facilitating sustainable development.