Contraceptive practice in the United States, 1982-1988.
Contraceptive practice in the United States, 1982-1988.
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美国的避孕实践，1982-1988 年。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Mosher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Mosher
1973 年至 1982 年间，已婚妇女使用口服避孕药的情况显着下降，但对 1988 年全国家庭成长调查数据的分析显示，这种下降在 1982 年至 1988 年间停止了。然而，对女性绝育的依赖继续增加，并且它仍然是当前已婚和已婚妇女的主要方法。 1982 年至 1988 年间，所有婚姻状况的女性中，宫内节育器的使用量下降了三分之二，从 220 万减少到 70 万。随着受教育程度较低、低收入、黑人和西班牙裔避孕使用者选择宫内节育器的比例下降，依赖女性绝育的比例上升。在受过大学教育的白人女性中，女性绝育的使用并没有增加；相反，该组药物的使用量有所增加。安全套的使用在青少年中增长最快，在未婚的白人和黑人女性中也有所增加，但迄今为止，无论种族如何，避孕药仍然是这些群体中的主要使用方法。 1982 年至 1988 年间，未婚黑人女性对绝育的依赖显着增加，女性绝育成为第二大方法。同一时期，未婚白人女性和打算生育更多孩子的白人女性中隔膜的使用率急剧下降，定期禁欲（节律和自然计划生育）和泡沫的使用率也急剧下降。
Use of oral contraceptives by married women declined markedly between 1973 and 1982, but analysis of data from the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth shows that this decline stopped between 1982 and 1988. Reliance on female sterilization continued to increase, however, and it remained the leading method among currently married and formerly married women. Among women of all marital statuses, IUD use dropped by two-thirds between 1982 and 1988, from 2.2 million to 0.7 million women. As the proportion of less-educated, low-income, black and Hispanic contraceptive users choosing the IUD decreased, the proportion relying on female sterilization increased. Among college-educated white women, use of female sterilization did not increase; instead, pill use rose in this group. Condom use increased most sharply among teenagers and rose among never-married white and black women, but the pill was still the leading method by far in these groups, regardless of race. Among never-married black women, reliance on sterilization increased significantly between 1982 and 1988, with female sterilization becoming the second leading method. Use of the diaphragm declined sharply over the same period among never-married white women and among those who intended to have more children, as did use of periodic abstinence (rhythm and natural family planning) and foam.