ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЙ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ СОЛНЕЧНЫХ ЭНЕРГОУСТАНОВОК В МОСКВЕ
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЙ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ СОЛНЕЧНЫХ ЭНЕРГОУСТАНОВОК В МОСКВЕ
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ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЙ НА Ь ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ СОЛНЕЧНИ Х ЭНЕРГОУСТАНОВОК В МОСКВЕ
DOI：
10.15518/isjaee.2018.04-06.012-024
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baldomero Segura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Guaita;Inmaculada Marques;Á. Gallego;Baldomero Segura
在大城市环境中，减少光电转换器（PV）发电的最重要因素之一是其表面的污染。本文分析了光伏电站运行过程中污染的类型、对光伏电站运行的影响以及污染的治理方法。太阳能装置的主要污染源被证明是土壤颗粒，鸟粪，树叶，雪，来自工业企业的空气污染物，与人类活动相关的各种类型的灰尘，道路运输的排放等这些研究的分析表明，光伏发电的生产率降低主要是由于碳污染，然后由于土壤颗粒和碳酸钙颗粒。我们进行了一项实验研究的影响，各种污染类型的太阳能发电厂在莫斯科的运营效率。在秋冬季节，主要是在低日照条件下进行了一系列实验。我们在每个实验中用一层灰尘（灰，雪）覆盖一个PV，第二个（对照组）被清洁。空气温度为0-2摄氏度。每个实验进行60-90分钟。此外，在主要系列实验之前，我们已经验证了清洁模块，并与它们同时污染。对以下类型的污染-灰尘、火山灰和雪-进行了实验研究。实验结果表明：该方法测量纯组件的平均误差为3%，与装置的护照数据一致。莫斯科的干尘对光伏发电的发展没有起到重要作用。由碳颗粒产生的湿尘是光伏发电量减少的主要原因（高达30%）。降雪导致模块瞬时效率计算值显著降低（超过10%）。在低日照值时，测量PV生产率的误差急剧增加。
One of the most significant factors in the megapolis environment in reducing the electricity generation from photoelectric converters (PV) is the contamination of their surfaces. The paper carries out the analysis of various literature sources on the types of pollution and their effect on the operation of the PV, and also the methods for dealing with pollution. The main contamination sources of solar installations are shown to be the soil particles, bird droppings, leaves, snow, air pollutants coming from industrial enterprises, various types of dust associated with human activities, emissions from road transport, etc. The analysis of these studies has indicated that the productivity of the PV is reduced primarily due to carbon contamination, then due to soil particles and calcium carbonate particles. We carried out an experimental study of the influence of various pollution types on the operational effective of solar power plants in Moscow. A series of experiments was carried out in the autumn-winter period, under conditions primarily of low insolation. We covered one of the PV with a layer of dust (ash, snow) at each experiment, the second one (the control one) – was cleaned. The air temperature was 0–2 oC. Each experiment was conducted for 60-90 min. In addition, before the main series of experiments, we have verified the clean modules, and with their simultaneous contamination. Experimental studies were conducted for the following types of pollution – dust, ash and snow. The experiment showed that: The average error in measuring pure modules is 3% that is consistent with the passport data of the installations. Dry dust in Moscow does not play a significant role in the development of the PV. Wet dust by carbon particles is the main source of reduced power generation by PV (up to 30%). Snowfall leads to a significant decrease in the calculated values of the instantaneous efficiency of modules (over 10%). At low values of insolation, there is a sharp increase in the error in measuring the productivity of the PV.