Nest ectoparasites increase physiological stress in breeding birds: an experiment
Nest ectoparasites increase physiological stress in breeding birds: an experiment
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巢外寄生虫增加繁殖鸟类的生理压力：一项实验
DOI：
10.1007/s00114-010-0746-z
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Javier Martínez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Martínez‐de la Puente;S. Merino;G. Tomás;J. Moreno;J. Morales;E. Lobato;Javier Martínez
寄生虫无疑是一种产生压力的生物因素。热休克蛋白（Heat shock proteins，HSPs）是细胞在逆境条件下缓冲损伤的重要分子。在繁殖季节，蓝胸蓝鳃鱼Cyanistes caeruleus（L.）成虫受到血液寄生虫、巢寄生虫和叮咬蝇的影响，可能影响它们的HSP介导的反应。在这里，我们用伯氨喹处理雌性以减少血液寄生虫，用氯菊酯熏蒸巢穴以减少巢居寄生虫，以测试这些处理是否会影响繁殖季节的HSP 60水平。给药雌性动物（而非对照组）的血变形杆菌感染强度显著降低。血液寄生虫然而，感染的最终强度在两组之间没有显著差异，并且我们没有发现药物对HSP 60水平变化的影响。熏蒸减少了巢穴寄生虫（螨、跳蚤和绿头苍蝇幼虫）的数量，并减少了巢穴中的吸浆虫。在非熏蒸巢繁殖的女性增加HSP 60水平在本赛季比那些在熏蒸巢繁殖。此外，HSP 60水平的变化与蠓的丰度呈正相关。这些结果表明，如何感染巢外寄生虫在繁殖期间可以增加热休克蛋白的水平，并建议叮咬蠓对繁殖雌性蓝山雀的生理成本。尽管这种说法似乎是合理的，但之前的研究并不支持这种说法，即蚊子更喜欢以压力更大的鸟类为食。
Parasites are undoubtedly a biotic factor that produces stress. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are important molecules buffering cellular damage under adverse conditions. During the breeding season, blue titCyanistes caeruleus(L.) adults are affected by blood parasites, nest-dwelling parasites and biting flies, potentially affecting their HSP-mediated responses. Here, we treated females with primaquine to reduce blood parasites and fumigated nests with permethrin to reduce nest-dwelling parasites to test whether these treatments affect HSP60 level during the breeding season. Medicated females, but not controls, had a significant reduction of the intensity of infection byHaemoproteusspp. blood parasites. However, final intensity of infection did not differ significantly between groups, and we did not find an effect of medication on change in HSP60 level. Fumigation reduced the abundance of nest-dwelling parasites (mites, fleas and blowfly larvae) and engorged biting midges in nests. Females breeding in non-fumigated nests increased HSP60 levels during the season more than those breeding in fumigated nests. Furthermore, the change in HSP60 level was positively correlated with the abundance of biting midges. These results show how infections by nest ectoparasites during the breeding period can increase the level of HSPs and suggest that biting midges impose physiological costs on breeding female blue tits. Although plausible, the alternative that biting midges prefer to feed on more stressed birds is poorly supported by previous studies.