Identifying the landscape drivers of agricultural insecticide use leveraging evidence from 100,000 fields
Identifying the landscape drivers of agricultural insecticide use leveraging evidence from 100,000 fields
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1620674114
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发表时间：
2017-05-23
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Noack, Frederik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Larsen, Ashley E.;Noack, Frederik
农业景观集约化使粮食生产能够满足日益增长的需求。然而，令人担忧的是，由于缺乏自然虫害防治和作物资源更均匀，耕地面积更大，作物多样性更低，非作物栖息地更少，耕地面积更大，导致农药使用量增加。在这里，我们使用了来自加利福尼亚州克恩县2005-2013年超过10万个农田水平观测的作物生产和杀虫剂使用数据，以测试作物多样性、农田面积和耕地面积是否影响杀虫剂的实际使用。总体而言，我们发现较高的作物多样性确实减少了杀虫剂的使用，但这种关系受到多样性和低多样性景观之间作物类型差异的强烈影响。此外，我们发现杀虫剂的使用量随着农田面积的增加而增加。农田面积的影响与距离有关，近的农田减少杀虫剂的使用，而远的农田增加杀虫剂的使用。这种精细的空间视角提供了对景观简化的不同组成部分如何影响不同空间和不同作物的杀虫剂使用的独特理解。我们的研究结果表明，传统上设想的“简化”和“复杂”农业景观都不是最有利于减少杀虫剂投入的；现实要复杂得多。
Agricultural landscape intensification has enabled food production to meet growing demand. However, there are concerns that more simplified cropland with lower crop diversity, less noncrop habitat, and larger fields results in increased use of pesticides due to a lack of natural pest control and more homogeneous crop resources. Here, we use data on crop production and insecticide use from over 100,000 field-level observations from Kern County, California, encompassing the years 2005-2013 to test if crop diversity, field size, and cropland extent affect insecticide use in practice. Overall, we find that higher crop diversity does reduce insecticide use, but the relationship is strongly influenced by the differences in crop types between diverse and less diverse landscapes. Further, we find insecticide use increases with increasing field size. The effect of cropland extent is distance-dependent, with nearby cropland decreasing insecticide use, whereas cropland further away increases insecticide use. This refined spatial perspective provides unique understanding of how different components of landscape simplification influence insecticide use over space and for different crops. Our results indicate that neither the traditionally conceived "simplified" nor "complex" agricultural landscape is most beneficial to reducing insecticide inputs; reality is far more complex.