How have smallholder farmers used digital extension tools? Developer and user voices from Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia.
How have smallholder farmers used digital extension tools? Developer and user voices from Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100577
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brown B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coggins S;McCampbell M;Sharma A;Sharma R;Haefele SM;Karki E;Hetherington J;Smith J;Brown B
数字推广工具包括电话、WhatsApp群组和专门用于农业知识中介的智能手机应用程序。我们研究了低收入和中等收入国家的农民和其他推广行动者使用（或未使用）驱蚊剂的过程。我们采访了21个国家的40名DET开发人员和印度比哈尔邦的101名DET用户。我们发现DET的使用通常受到15个陷阱的限制（不知道DET，无法使用的设备，无法使用的电力，无法使用的移动网络，对数字文盲不敏感，对文盲不敏感，不熟悉的语言，访问缓慢，难以解释，不参与，对用户的知识不敏感，对优先事项不敏感，对社会经济约束不敏感，与农场无关，不信任）。这些陷阱在一定程度上解释了为什么女性、受教育程度较低和较不富裕的农民往往较少使用dett，以及为什么用户驱动的dett（例如电话和聊天应用程序）往往比外部驱动的dett（例如专门的智能手机应用程序）使用得更多。我们的第二个关键发现是，用户经常使（而不仅仅是发现）det对自己和他人都有用。这表明，“挪用”一词比“采用”一词更准确、更有帮助地概念化了DET的使用。我们的最后一个关键发现是，开发人员和用户几乎无处不在地主张将所需的用户纳入DET供应。我们在一页纸的框架中综合了这些发现，以帮助资助者和开发人员促进更可用、有用和积极影响的det。总的来说，我们得出结论，开发人员通过将用户视为开发人员伙伴来增加DET的使用——要么通过协作设计，要么通过设计可适应的DET，为用户创造创新的空间。信息通信技术（视频、移动应用程序、短信等）如何用于农业知识中介？我们采访了40名开发者和101名数字扩展工具用户。15个通常限制农民使用数字推广工具的陷阱。农民积极地挪用，而不仅仅是被动地采用数字推广工具。为用户创新创造空间增加了数字扩展工具的使用。
Digital extension tools (DETs) include phone calls, WhatsApp groups and specialised smartphone applications used for agricultural knowledge brokering. We researched processes through which DETs have (and have not) been used by farmers and other extension actors in low- and middle-income countries. We interviewed 40 DET developers across 21 countries and 101 DET users in Bihar, India. We found DET use is commonly constrained by fifteen pitfalls (unawareness of DET, inaccessible device, inaccessible electricity, inaccessible mobile network, insensitive to digital illiteracy, insensitive to illiteracy, unfamiliar language, slow to access, hard to interpret, unengaging, insensitive to user's knowledge, insensitive to priorities, insensitive to socio-economic constraints, irrelevant to farm, distrust). These pitfalls partially explain why women, less educated and less wealthy farmers often use DETs less, as well as why user-driven DETs (e.g. phone calls and chat apps) are often used more than externally-driven DETs (e.g. specialised smartphone apps). Our second key finding was that users often made - not just found - DETs useful for themselves and others. This suggests the word ‘appropriation’ conceptualises DET use more accurately and helpfully than the word ‘adoption’. Our final key finding was that developers and users advocated almost ubiquitously for involving desired users in DET provision. We synthesise these findings in a one-page framework to help funders and developers facilitate more useable, useful and positively impactful DETs. Overall, we conclude developers increase DET use by recognizing users as fellow developers – either through collaborative design or by designing adaptable DETs that create room for user innovation. How is ICT (video, mobile apps, SMS etc) used in agricultural knowledge brokering? We interviewed 40 developers and 101 users of digital extension tools. Fifteen pitfalls commonly constrained use of digital extension tools by farmers. Farmers actively appropriated, not just passively adopted, digital extension tools. Creating room for user innovation increases use of digital extension tools.
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