Seasonal patterns of photochemical capacity and spring phenology reveal genetic differentiation among native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in Scotland
Seasonal patterns of photochemical capacity and spring phenology reveal genetic differentiation among native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in Scotland
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.037
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发表时间：
2011-09-15
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ennos, Richard A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salmela, Matti J.;Cavers, Stephen;Ennos, Richard A.
环境驱动的种群间遗传分化是森林树木的一个共同特征，了解种群如何适应其家园条件对于管理和保护实践至关重要。在苏格兰，84种原生苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris L.）林地得到林业委员会的认可，它们占据了从海洋西海岸到苏格兰东部大陆遗址的高度多样化的环境。然而，它是不知道是否适应当地环境沿着急剧的温度和降雨梯度已发生在不同的人群，因此，种子转移的指导方针的物种仅基于数据从同工酶和单萜。在这项研究中的室外普通花园试验，我们用叶绿素荧光检查是否幼苗从32个自由授粉的家庭和8个人口的网站经历对比的年度温度制度不同，在2009年9月和2010年5月之间的自然室外温度变化的反应。此外，在春天的增长开始记录。光系统II的光化学容量F-v/F-m表现出明显的季节变化趋势，直到11月仍保持在相对较高的水平（接近0.7）。在温度低于或接近0摄氏度的两周多时间后，F-v/F-m开始下降，接近3月初记录的最低值，当时种群平均值在0.35和0.45之间变化。到五月初，随着气温沿着上升，光化学容量已恢复到十一月初的水平。人们发现，不同的人群对12月开始的寒冷期的反应不同。光化学能力下降最大的是从位于苏格兰西部沿海的低海拔人群中观察到的幼苗，而在苏格兰东部较冷的高海拔地区的幼苗，反应较小。在3月，光化学能力的恢复是最慢的幼苗从最温和和最凉爽的网站。在春季物候中也发现了适应性遗传分化的证据。启动芽伸长和针冲洗早在家庭从海拔较高（凉爽地区），但人口差异不显着的α = 0.05水平。这些结果表明，在苏格兰的空间异质性环境的适应已经发生在苏格兰松，为了尽量减少种植不适应的种子股票的风险，环境和适应性遗传变异的模式，应考虑在该物种的遗传资源的管理。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Environment-driven genetic differentiation among populations is a common feature among forest trees, and an understanding of how populations have adapted to their home site conditions is essential for management and conservation practices. In Scotland, 84 native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woodlands are recognised by the Forestry Commission and they occupy highly diverse environments from the maritime west coast to continental sites in eastern Scotland. However, it is not known whether adaptations to local environments along sharp temperature and rainfall gradients have occurred in different populations and as a result, the seed transfer guidelines of the species are based only on data from isozymes and monoterpenes. In this study of an outdoor common-garden trial, we used chlorophyll fluorescence to examine whether seedlings from 32 open-pollinated families and eight populations from sites experiencing contrasting annual temperature regimes differed in their response to variation in natural outdoor temperatures between September 2009 and May 2010. In addition, growth initiation in spring was recorded. Photochemical capacity at photosystem II F-v/F-m showed a distinct seasonal trend and remained at relatively high levels (similar to 0.7) until November. Following a period of over 2 weeks with temperatures below or close to 0 degrees C, F-v/F-m started decreasing towards its minimum values recorded in early March when population means varied between 0.35 and 0.45. By early May and along with rising temperatures, photochemical capacity had recovered to the same level as observed in early November. Populations were found to respond differently to the cold period starting in December. The largest drop in photochemical capacity was observed in seedlings from a low-altitude population located in the maritime western Scotland, while in seedlings from higher-altitude locations in the cooler eastern Scotland, the response was smaller. In March, the recovery of photochemical capacity was slowest in seedlings from the mildest and coolest sites. Evidence of adaptive genetic differentiation was also found in spring phenology. Initiation of shoot elongation and needle flush were earlier in families from higher altitudes (cooler areas), but population differences were not significant at the alpha = 0.05 level. These results suggest that adaptation to the spatially heterogeneous environment in Scotland has taken place in Scots pine and that in order to minimise the risk of planting maladapted seed stock, the patterns of environmental and adaptive genetic variation should be taken into account in the management of genetic resources in this species. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.