Molecular analysis of skeletal tuberculosis in an ancient Egyptian population.
Molecular analysis of skeletal tuberculosis in an ancient Egyptian population.
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古埃及人群骨骼结核病的分子分析。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Andreas G. Nerlich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Albert Zink;Christian J. Haas;Udo Reischl;Ulrike Szeimies;Andreas G. Nerlich
对来自上埃及底比斯-西墓地（公元前2120-500年）的37具尸体和来自阿拜多斯墓地（公元前3000年）的4具尸体的骨骼组织标本进行了古微生物研究。受试者有典型的骨结核宏观形态学证据（n = 3），形态学改变不是特异性的，但可能是由结核引起的（n = 17），或没有形态学骨改变（n = 21）。从这些骨样品中提取DNA，并通过PCR用识别结核分枝杆菌复合体插入序列IS 6110的引物对进行扩增。为了确认分析的特异性，对几个样品的扩增产物进行限制性酶消化或直接测序或两者。在分析的41例病例中，有30例通过扩增人类β-肌动蛋白或釉原蛋白基因的存在证明了古代DNA，其中9例为M阳性。结核病DNA结果经限制性内切酶酶切和测序证实。对M.结核病DNA见于3例具有典型结核病形态学体征和可扩增DNA的病例中的2例，13例非特异性但可能的病例中的5例（包括2例来自C. 3000 BC），但也在14例无病理性骨改变的2例。这些观察结果证实，结核病可以明确地在古埃及的骨骼材料中诊断出来，甚至可以追溯到公元前。公元前3000年由于在大多数典型的骨结核病例中观察到阳性分子反应，在约三分之一的非特异性但可能是结核性骨改变中，令人惊讶的是，在约七分之一的不显著样品中，这表明M.结核病在古埃及比较常见。
A paleomicrobiological study was performed on 37 skeletal tissue specimens from cadavers in the necropolis of Thebes-West, Upper Egypt, (2120-500 BC) and four from the necropolis of Abydos (3000 BC). The subjects had typical macromorphological evidence of osseous tuberculosis (n = 3), morphological alterations that were not specific, but probably resulted from tuberculosis (n = 17), or were without morphological osseous changes (n = 21). DNA was extracted from these bone samples and amplified by PCR with a primer pair that recognised the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex insertion sequence IS6110. To confirm specificity of the analysis, the amplification products of several samples were subjected to restriction enzyme digestion, or direct sequencing, or both. In 30 of the 41 cases analysed, ancient DNA was demonstrated by amplification by the presence of the human beta-actin or the amelogenin gene and nine of these cases were positive for M. tuberculosis DNA. The results were confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. A positive result for M. tuberculosis DNA was seen in two of the three cases with typical morphological signs of tuberculosis and amplifiable DNA, in five of 13 non-specific, but probable cases (including two cases from c. 3000 BC), but also in two of 14 cases without pathological bone changes. These observations confirm that tuberculosis may be diagnosed unequivocally in skeletal material from ancient Egypt, even dating back to c. 3000 BC. As a positive molecular reaction was observed in most of the typical cases of skeletal tuberculosis, in about one-third of non-specific, but probable tuberculous osseous changes and, surprisingly, in about one-seventh of unremarkable samples, this suggests that infection with M. tuberculosis was relatively frequent in ancient Egypt.