Designing Administrative Law for Adaptive Management
Designing Administrative Law for Adaptive Management
复制标题
设计适应性管理的行政法
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2222009
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Ruhl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Craig;J. Ruhl
行政法需要适应适应性管理。适应性管理是一种结构化的决策方法，其核心是一个多步骤的迭代过程，用于调整管理措施，以适应不断变化的情况或有关先前措施或所管理系统的有效性的新信息。它已被确定为广泛领域监管的必要或最佳实践组成部分，包括药品和医疗器械警告，金融体系监管，社会福利计划和自然资源管理。尽管如此，推进这些政策的许多机关决定仍然受制于《联邦行政程序法》或各州平行法规的要求。适应性管理的理论家们已经确定了这些行政法要求的几个特征--特别是公众参与、司法审查和终局性--对真正的适应性管理构成了障碍，但他们没有提出任何改革建议。本文代表了适应性管理理论的第一次努力，超越了抱怨行政法对适应性管理的束缚，并提出了解决方案。本文首先解释了适应性管理的理论和局限性，强调适应性管理并不适用于所有甚至大多数机构的决策。然而，对于其适当的应用，我们认为，传统的行政法不必要地束缚了适应性管理的有效利用。我们表明，行政法的核心价值观可以更好地实现适应性管理的方式，通过专门的“适应性管理轨道”的行政程序。更进一步，我们提出并解释了示范立法草案，将创建这样一个轨道的特定类型的机构决策，可以受益于适应性管理。
Administrative law needs to adapt to adaptive management. Adaptive management is a structured decision-making method the core of which is a multi-step iterative process for adjusting management measures to changing circumstances or new information about the effectiveness of prior measures or the system being managed. It has been identified as a necessary or best practices component of regulation in a broad range of fields, including drug and medical device warnings, financial system regulation, social welfare programs, and natural resources management. Nevertheless, many of the agency decisions advancing these policies remain subject to the requirements of either the federal Administrative Procedure Act or the states’ parallel statutes. Adaptive management theorists have identified several features of such administrative law requirements — especially public participation, judicial review, and finality — as posing barriers to true adaptive management, but they have put forward no reform proposals. This Article represents the first effort in adaptive management theory to go beyond complaining about the handcuffs administrative law puts on adaptive management and to suggest a solution. The Article begins by explaining the theory and limits of adaptive management to emphasize that it is not appropriate for all or even most agency decision making. For its appropriate applications, however, we argue that conventional administrative law has unnecessarily shackled effective use of adaptive management. We show that the core values of administrative law can be implemented in ways that much better allow for adaptive management through a specialized “adaptive management track” of administrative procedures. Going further, we propose and explain draft model legislation that would create such a track for the specific types of agency decision making that could benefit from adaptive management.