The mutual relationship between the host immune system and radiotherapy: stimulating the action of immune cells by irradiation
The mutual relationship between the host immune system and radiotherapy: stimulating the action of immune cells by irradiation
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DOI：
10.1007/s10147-022-02172-2
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Tsubasa Watanabe;G. Sato;M. Yoshimura;Minoru Suzuki;T. Mizowaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tsubasa Watanabe;G. Sato;M. Yoshimura;Minoru Suzuki;T. Mizowaki
辐射对肿瘤组织和宿主免疫系统的影响是相互关联的。辐射的抗肿瘤作用在免疫功能低下的宿主中减弱。此外，单独的辐射会对宿主免疫系统产生积极和消极的影响。辐射的积极作用总结为能够帮助诱导和增强肿瘤抗原特异性免疫反应。癌症免疫循环是一个多步骤框架，说明了如何诱导肿瘤抗原特异性免疫反应以及诱导的抗原特异性免疫细胞如何在肿瘤组织中发挥其功能。辐射主要以积极的方式影响该癌症免疫循环的每一步。相反，辐射也会对免疫系统产生负面影响。首先，辐射有可能杀死受辐射的效应免疫细胞。第二个是辐射上调肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制分子，而第三个是对肿瘤的辐射使肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制细胞凝聚。当与放疗联合使用时，免疫检查点抑制剂可以进一步利用放疗对免疫系统的积极作用，并补偿放疗的负面影响，这支持了放疗和免疫检查点抑制剂联合治疗的理由。在这篇综述中，我们总结了辐射暴露和免疫系统相互影响的临床前证据，以及免疫检查点抑制剂和放射治疗联合治疗的前期主题。
The effects of irradiation on tumor tissue and the host immune system are interrelated. The antitumor effect of irradiation is attenuated in the immunocompromised hosts. In addition, radiation alone positively and negatively influences the host immune system. The positive effects of radiation are summarized by the ability to help induce and enhance tumor–antigen-specific immune responses. The cancer-immunity cycle is a multistep framework that illustrates how the tumor–antigen-specific immune responses are induced and how the induced antigen-specific immune cells exert their functions in tumor tissues. Irradiation affects each step of this cancer-immunity cycle, primarily in a positive manner. In contrast, radiation also has negative effects on the immune system. The first is that irradiation has the possibility to kill irradiated effector immune cells. The second is that irradiation upregulates immunosuppressive molecules in the tumor microenvironment, whereas the third is that irradiation to the tumor condenses immunosuppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. When used in conjunction with radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors can further leverage the positive effects of radiation on the immune system and compensate for the negative effects of irradiation, which supports the rationale for the combination of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the preclinical evidence for the reciprocal effects of radiation exposure and the immune system, and up-front topics of the combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy.